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Related Concept Videos

Caspases01:24

Caspases

Caspase, a family of cysteine proteases, serve as effectors in apoptosis. The ced3 gene in C.elegans was first identified to be involved in apoptosis. This gene encodes the ced-3 caspase that is similar to the interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme or ICE in mammals. In addition to apoptosis, caspases also function in the inflammatory response. Inflammatory caspases are essential in activating pro-inflammatory cytokines that recruit immune cells and block the replication of pathogens inside cells.
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size reduction of the tissue.
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways01:25

cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) is an essential second messenger that activates protein kinase A (PKA) and regulates various biological processes. A single epinephrine molecule binds to GPCR and activates several heterotrimeric G proteins, each stimulating multiple adenylyl cyclase, amplifying the signal, and synthesizing large numbers of cAMP molecules. Small changes in cAMP concentration affect PKA activity. The binding of four cAMP molecules induces a conformational change in PKA,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Lighting Up the Pathways to Caspase Activation Using Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation
08:47

Lighting Up the Pathways to Caspase Activation Using Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation

Published on: March 5, 2018

Caspase-2: the orphan caspase.

L Bouchier-Hayes1, D R Green

  • 1Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Houston, TX, USA.

Cell Death and Differentiation
|November 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Caspase-2, once thought essential for apoptosis, may not be required and could function as a tumor suppressor. Its activation influences cell cycle progression and other cellular fates, particularly through the PIDDosome signaling platform.

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Evaluation of Caspase Activation to Assess Innate Immune Cell Death

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Lighting Up the Pathways to Caspase Activation Using Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation
08:47

Lighting Up the Pathways to Caspase Activation Using Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation

Published on: March 5, 2018

Exploring Caspase Mutations and Post-Translational Modification by Molecular Modeling Approaches
05:56

Exploring Caspase Mutations and Post-Translational Modification by Molecular Modeling Approaches

Published on: October 13, 2022

Evaluation of Caspase Activation to Assess Innate Immune Cell Death
10:23

Evaluation of Caspase Activation to Assess Innate Immune Cell Death

Published on: January 20, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The precise role of caspase-2 in apoptosis remains controversial and unclear, despite extensive research.
  • The discovery of the PIDDosome as a signaling platform for caspase-2 has spurred new investigations into its function.
  • Caspase-2 is an 'orphan caspase' whose exact biological significance is still under intense study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the role of caspase-2 in the apoptotic cascade.
  • To explore the non-apoptotic functions of caspase-2, such as cell cycle regulation.
  • To discuss the potential of caspase-2 as a tumor suppressor.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on caspase-2 and apoptosis.
  • Analysis of studies involving the PIDDosome and caspase-2 activation.
  • Discussion of proposed signaling mechanisms of caspase-2.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests caspase-2 is not mandatory for apoptosis.
  • Caspase-2 activation in response to stress can regulate cell cycle progression.
  • Caspase-2 shows potential as a tumor suppressor.

Conclusions:

  • Caspase-2's role extends beyond apoptosis, impacting cellular fate and cell cycle.
  • The PIDDosome is a key platform for understanding caspase-2 signaling.
  • Further research into caspase-2 mechanisms may reveal therapeutic strategies for cancer.