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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

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Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

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Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

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Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...

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Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.

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Electrophysiological Methods to Assess Peripheral Pain Block in an Anesthetized Rat

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Pediatric regional anesthesia: abdominal wall blocks.

Harald Willschke¹, Stephan Kettner

¹Department of Anaesthesia and General Intensive Care, Medical University Vienna, Austria. harald.willschke@meduniwien.ac.at

Paediatric Anaesthesia

|November 15, 2011

Summary

Abdominal wall blocks offer effective pain relief for pediatric patients undergoing abdominal surgery. This review explores their application in pediatric regional anesthesia, highlighting benefits for surgical recovery.

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Area of Science:

Anesthesiology
Pediatric Surgery
Regional Anesthesia

Background:

Abdominal wall blocks are a key regional anesthetic technique.
They provide effective analgesia for abdominal surgery.
This review focuses on their pediatric application.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the use of abdominal wall blocks in pediatric regional anesthesia.
To highlight the efficacy of these blocks in pediatric surgical patients.

Main Methods:

Literature review of abdominal wall blocks in pediatric anesthesia.
Analysis of current techniques and applications.

Main Results:

Abdominal wall blocks provide significant analgesia.
They are a valuable tool in pediatric regional anesthesia.

Conclusions:

Abdominal wall blocks are effective for pediatric abdominal surgery.
Further research may enhance their application in pediatric populations.