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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
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Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
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A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
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A Magnetic Resonance Imaging-based Computational Protocol for Analysis of Plaque Morphology and Hemodynamics in Patients with Carotid Artery Stenosis
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Autonomic dysfunction in ischemic stroke with carotid stenosis.

L Xiong1, H W Leung, X Y Chen

  • 1Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.

Acta Neurologica Scandinavica
|November 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Patients with ischemic stroke often have impaired autonomic function. Carotid stenosis exacerbates this, leading to more severe parasympathetic and sympathetic dysfunction compared to stroke patients without stenosis.

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Published on: February 23, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cardiology
  • Autonomic Nervous System Research

Background:

  • Impaired autonomic function is a frequent complication following acute ischemic stroke.
  • Atherosclerosis, particularly carotid stenosis, may compromise carotid sinus function, impacting cardiovascular autonomic control.
  • Limited research exists on the specific effects of carotid stenosis on autonomic function post-stroke.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cardiovascular autonomic function in ischemic stroke patients with and without carotid stenosis.
  • To compare the degree of autonomic dysfunction between these two patient groups and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Eighty-five ischemic stroke patients (27 with carotid stenosis, 58 without) and 37 elderly controls were enrolled.
  • All participants underwent Ewing's battery of autonomic function tests.
  • Patients were assessed on average 6 months post-stroke onset.

Main Results:

  • Autonomic dysfunction was prevalent in 69.0% of stroke patients without stenosis and 88.9% with stenosis, significantly higher than controls (21.6%).
  • Patients with carotid stenosis exhibited more severe impairment across parasympathetic tests and one sympathetic test (Mean fall in systolic BP on standing).
  • Stroke patients without stenosis showed impairment in two parasympathetic tests (Valsalva ratio, heart rate response to deep breathing).

Conclusions:

  • Ischemic stroke is associated with impaired cardiovascular autonomic function.
  • Carotid stenosis significantly worsens both parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic dysfunction in stroke patients.
  • These findings highlight the critical role of carotid artery health in post-stroke autonomic recovery.