Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 27, 2026

09:03
Modified In Vivo Matrix Gel Plug Assay for Angiogenesis Studies
Published on: June 30, 2023
Anti-angiogenic therapy: concept to clinic
Robin J Young1, Malcolm W R Reed
1Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Summary
Anti-angiogenic therapies targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) show promise for cancer treatment but have marginal benefits and side effects. Biomarkers are crucial for identifying suitable patients to improve treatment outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Vascular Biology
Background:
- Folkman's hypothesis 40 years ago proposed anti-angiogenic therapy for cancer.
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is a key driver of tumor angiogenesis.
- VEGF-targeting drugs like bevacizumab, sunitinib, and sorafenib offer therapeutic benefits.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy and limitations of current anti-angiogenic therapies in cancer treatment.
- To highlight the need for patient selection biomarkers in anti-angiogenic therapy.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on anti-angiogenic therapies and VEGF-targeting drugs.
- Analysis of clinical benefits, side effects, and resistance patterns.
Main Results:
- Anti-angiogenic agents have shown limited benefits in unselected patient populations.
- Harmful side effects and rapid development of drug resistance are significant challenges.
- Current therapies often fail to meet initial high expectations.
Conclusions:
- Patient selection biomarkers are essential for the future success of anti-angiogenic cancer therapies.
- Personalized approaches are needed to optimize the use of VEGF inhibitors.
Related Concept Videos
Mechanism of Angiogenesis
Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply
Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits. Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
Targeted Cancer Therapies
The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Cancer Therapies
Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Tumor Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

