Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Saponification01:25

Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Saponification

Esters can be hydrolyzed to carboxylic acids under acidic or basic conditions. Base-promoted hydrolysis of esters is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which esters react with an aqueous base, followed by an acid to give carboxylic acids. This reaction is also known as saponification because it forms the basis for making soaps from fats.
The reaction requires a base in stoichiometric amounts, which participates in the reaction and is not regenerated later. So, the base acts as a...
Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis01:13

Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis

Hydrolysis of esters under acidic conditions proceeds through a nucleophilic acyl substitution. In the presence of excess water, the reaction proceeds in a reversible manner, forming carboxylic acids and alcohols.
During hydrolysis, the ester is first activated towards nucleophilic attack through the protonation of the carboxyl oxygen atom by the acid catalyst. The protonation makes the ester carbonyl carbon more electrophilic. In the next step, water acts as a nucleophile and adds to the...
Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Overview01:20

Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Overview

The Fischer esterification reaction was developed by the German chemist Emil Fischer in 1895. It is a condensation reaction between carboxylic acids and alcohols in an acidic medium to give esters and water.
Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Mechanism01:13

Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Mechanism

Carboxylic acids react with alcohols to yield esters via an acid-catalyzed condensation reaction called Fischer esterification. This is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction that proceeds via a tetrahedral intermediate, where a water molecule is eliminated as the leaving group.
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
Sharpless Epoxidation02:57

Sharpless Epoxidation

The conversion of allylic alcohols into epoxides using the chiral catalyst was discovered by K. Barry Sharpless and is known as Sharpless epoxidation. The use of a chiral catalyst enables the formation of one enantiomer of the product in excess. This chiral catalyst is mainly a chiral complex of titanium tetraisopropoxide and tartrate ester (specific stereoisomer). The stereoisomer used in the chiral catalyst dictates the formation of the enantiomer of the product. In other words, the use of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

<i>Campylobacter</i> Colonization and Diversity in Young Turkeys in the Context of Gastrointestinal Distress and Antimicrobial Treatment.

Microorganisms·2023
Same author

<i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> and <i>Campylobacter coli</i> from Houseflies in Commercial Turkey Farms Are Frequently Resistant to Multiple Antimicrobials and Exhibit Pronounced Genotypic Diversity.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)·2023
Same author

Allergenicity reduction of the bio-elicited peanut sprout powder (BPSP) and toxicological acceptance of BPSP-supplemented diets assessed with ICR mice.

Journal of food science and technology·2022
Same author

Differences in the Propensity of Different Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants to Be Disseminated via Transformation in <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> and <i>Campylobacter coli</i>.

Microorganisms·2022
Same author

Exploratory analysis of <i>Spirulina platensis</i> LB 2340 growth in varied concentrations of anaerobically digested pig effluent (ADPE).

Heliyon·2021
Same author

Glycerol-Based Dendrimer Nanocomposite Film as a Tunable pH-Sensor for Food Packaging.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Ultrasonic-Assisted Preparation of Biodiesel Products from Vegetable Oils
04:40

Ultrasonic-Assisted Preparation of Biodiesel Products from Vegetable Oils

Published on: April 19, 2024

KI-impregnated oyster shell as a solid catalyst for soybean oil transesterification.

Suguna Jairam1, Praveen Kolar, Ratna Sharma-Shivappa

  • 1Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA. sjairam@ncsu.edu

Bioresource Technology
|November 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a cost-effective, green catalyst from oyster shells for biodiesel production. This novel potassium iodide-impregnated calcined oyster shell efficiently catalyzes soybean oil transesterification.

More Related Videos

Experimental Protocol for Biodiesel Production with Isolation of Alkenones as Coproducts from Commercial Isochrysis Algal Biomass
09:10

Experimental Protocol for Biodiesel Production with Isolation of Alkenones as Coproducts from Commercial Isochrysis Algal Biomass

Published on: June 24, 2016

Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry
09:37

Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry

Published on: October 18, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Ultrasonic-Assisted Preparation of Biodiesel Products from Vegetable Oils
04:40

Ultrasonic-Assisted Preparation of Biodiesel Products from Vegetable Oils

Published on: April 19, 2024

Experimental Protocol for Biodiesel Production with Isolation of Alkenones as Coproducts from Commercial Isochrysis Algal Biomass
09:10

Experimental Protocol for Biodiesel Production with Isolation of Alkenones as Coproducts from Commercial Isochrysis Algal Biomass

Published on: June 24, 2016

Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry
09:37

Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry

Published on: October 18, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Green Chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Biomass Conversion

Background:

  • Biodiesel production requires economical and environmentally friendly catalysts.
  • Oyster shells represent an abundant, low-cost waste material.
  • Developing solid catalysts from waste materials supports circular economy principles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate potassium iodide-impregnated calcined oyster shell as a solid catalyst for soybean oil transesterification.
  • To characterize the synthesized catalyst and optimize reaction conditions.
  • To determine the reaction kinetics of the transesterification process.

Main Methods:

  • Oyster shells were calcined and impregnated with potassium iodide (KI).
  • X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used for catalyst characterization.
  • Transesterification reactions were conducted to determine optimal variables (catalyst loading, temperature, methanol/oil ratio, time) and kinetics.

Main Results:

  • Calcination and KI impregnation significantly increased the catalyst's surface area (31-fold).
  • XRD confirmed the presence of portlandite and potassium iodide.
  • Optimal conditions identified: 1 mmol g(-1) catalyst, 50 °C, 10:1 methanol/oil ratio, 4h reaction time.
  • The transesterification reaction followed first-order kinetics with a rate constant (k) of 0.4385 h(-1).

Conclusions:

  • KI-impregnated calcined oyster shell is an effective and inexpensive catalyst for biodiesel production.
  • Utilizing oyster shells offers potential economic advantages for the aquaculture industry.
  • This research presents a sustainable pathway for biodiesel synthesis using waste-derived catalysts.