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Isolation and Identification of Waterborne Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Molecular Characterization of their Antibiotic Resistance Genes

Isolation and Identification of Waterborne Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Molecular Characterization of their Antibiotic Resistance Genes

Published on: March 3, 2023

The emerging NDM carbapenemases.

Patrice Nordmann¹, Laurent Poirel, Timothy R Walsh

¹Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médical (INSERM) Unité 914, Faculté de Médecine et Université Paris Sud, 78 rue du Général Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. nordmann.patrice@bct.aphp.fr

Trends in Microbiology

|November 15, 2011

Summary

New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) enzymes are spreading globally, causing resistance to critical carbapenem antibiotics. Reliable detection and surveillance are essential to combat these highly resistant bacteria.

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Area of Science:

Microbiology
Molecular Biology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Carbapenems, crucial antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria, face diminishing efficacy due to carbapenemase spread.
New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) enzymes represent a significant and emerging threat, identified globally since 2008.
NDM enzymes are prevalent in the Indian subcontinent, found in hospital and community settings, and even in urban water sources.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the emergence and spread of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) enzymes.
To emphasize the clinical and epidemiological significance of NDM-producing bacteria.
To underscore the urgent need for effective detection and surveillance strategies.

Main Methods:

Review of global surveillance data and scientific literature on NDM enzymes.
Analysis of bacterial species harboring NDM enzymes, including Enterobacteriaceae, non-fermenters, and Vibrionaceae.
Investigation of gene dissemination mechanisms, focusing on plasmid transfer and clonal outbreaks.

Main Results:

NDM enzymes, particularly NDM-1, are widespread globally, with a high prevalence linked to the Indian subcontinent.
NDM-producing bacteria exhibit resistance to a broad spectrum of antibiotics, posing a major therapeutic challenge.
Dissemination occurs through horizontal gene transfer via plasmids and clonal spread.

Conclusions:

The rapid spread of NDM carbapenemases necessitates urgent global surveillance and control measures.
Effective detection methods are critical for managing infections caused by NDM-producing bacteria.
Understanding dissemination pathways is key to preventing further antimicrobial resistance.