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Urinary Bladder

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...

Urethra

Urethra

The urethra is a hollowed tubular organ through which urine is expelled from the body. This structure extends from the bladder to the external opening, allowing urine to be released.
The anatomy of the urethra differs between males and females. In females, the urethra is short, measuring about 3–4 cm in length, and opens anterior to the vaginal opening. In males, the urethra is longer and passes through the penis, serving dual purposes: expelling urine and ejaculating semen. The male urethra is...

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...

Uterine Tubes

Uterine Tubes

The uterine or fallopian tubes function as the conduit through which oocytes travel from the ovaries to the uterus. Each fallopian tube measures approximately 10 to 13 cm long and is anatomically divided into the infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, and interstitial part (or intramural segment). The infundibulum is characterized by its funnel shape and features extensions called fimbriae which reach towards the peritoneal cavity. These fimbriae play a critical role during ovulation as they extend...

Appendicitis

Appendicitis

Appendicitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the vermiform appendix, most commonly caused by obstruction of its lumen. The appendix is a narrow, blind-ended pouch that extends from the cecum, making it particularly prone to obstruction. Causes include fecaliths, lymphoid hyperplasia (often after viral infections), parasites, tumors, or foreign bodies. This obstruction initiates a cascade of pathological changes.Luminal Obstruction and Early InflammationAfter obstruction, normal mucosal...

Histology of the Uterus

Histology of the Uterus

The uterine wall consists of three histological layers: the perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium. The outermost perimetrium is a thin, serous membrane connected with the broad ligament on the sides, which helps anchor the uterus in the pelvic cavity. The thickest layer, myometrium, is mainly made up of smooth muscle tissue bundles. Its contractions are vital in facilitating the expulsion of the uterine lining, fetus, and placenta during menstruation and childbirth.
The endometrium is the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Robotic Enucleation of Esophageal Leiomyoma

Robotic Enucleation of Esophageal Leiomyoma

Published on: February 20, 2026

Paraurethral leiomyoma.

Shafqat Mukhtar¹, Muhammad Saeed, Roohi Saeed

¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex, Lahore. obgyszh@hotmail.com

Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP

|November 15, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A rare vaginal leiomyoma, a benign tumor, can present with varied symptoms like painful intercourse. Surgical removal is effective, leading to symptom resolution and disease freedom in this case.

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Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Robotic Enucleation of Esophageal Leiomyoma

Robotic Enucleation of Esophageal Leiomyoma

Published on: February 20, 2026

Area of Science:

Gynecologic Oncology
Surgical Pathology

Background:

Vaginal leiomyomas are uncommon solid tumors with diverse clinical presentations.
Misdiagnosis before surgery is possible due to variable symptoms.
Surgical excision is the recommended treatment for vaginal leiomyomas.

Observation:

A 23-year-old woman presented with a painless vaginal mass.
Symptoms included severe dyspareunia (painful intercourse) and dysmenorrhea.
The mass appeared two months after marriage.

Findings:

The patient underwent successful surgical excision via the vaginal route.
Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of vaginal leiomyoma.
Post-operative follow-up at two months showed complete symptom resolution.

Implications:

This case highlights the importance of considering vaginal leiomyoma in the differential diagnosis of vaginal masses.
Prompt surgical intervention can lead to favorable outcomes and symptom relief.
Vaginal leiomyomas, though rare, require accurate diagnosis and management to prevent recurrence or malignant transformation.