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Related Concept Videos

ABC Transporters: Importer01:27

ABC Transporters: Importer

ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporters are a class of ATP-driven pumps that hydrolyze ATP to move solutes across the membrane. They can be grouped into importers and exporters. While exporters are present in all domains of life, importers exist only in bacteria and some plants.
In bacteria, based on the number of transmembrane helices and the chemical nature of their substrates, the ABC importers can be divided into three types:
ABC Transporters: Exporter01:31

ABC Transporters: Exporter

ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporter is the largest superfamily of integral membrane proteins. The transporters have transmembrane-binding domains (TMDs) and nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs). The TMDs are specific to their substrates, whereas the NBDs are similar to engines that complete ATP hydrolysis to complete the substrate transport. They can be full transporters consisting of two TMDs and NBDs, half transporters with one TMD and NBD, while some encoded with a single TMD or NBD are...
ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and are...
Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport01:19

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport

Certain large, lipid-insoluble drug molecules that resemble amino acids, peptides, or glucose, require specialized carrier proteins to facilitate their diffusion across cell membranes. This transport can occur through either facilitated diffusion, which does not require energy input, or active transport, which does require energy input.
Facilitated diffusion is a passive process that utilizes human Solute Carrier (SLC) transporters. These transporters bind to the drug, undergo structural...
Membrane Transporters01:31

Membrane Transporters

Transporters are essential membrane transport proteins with functions related to cell nutrition, homeostasis, communication, etc. Approximately 7% of all genes in the human genome code for transporters or transporter-related proteins.
Transporters are mainly composed of alpha-helices, built from bundles of ten or more helices traversing the plasma membrane. The solute-binding sites are located midway, where some of the helices are broken or distorted, making space for the binding site through...
Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters01:19

Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters

Enzymes like flippase, floppase, and scramblase transfer phospholipids from one layer to another in the membrane, thereby affecting membrane asymmetry.
Flippase
Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Functional Assessment of Intestinal Tight Junction Barrier and Ion Permeability in Native Tissue by Ussing Chamber Technique
06:43

Functional Assessment of Intestinal Tight Junction Barrier and Ion Permeability in Native Tissue by Ussing Chamber Technique

Published on: May 26, 2021

Type II ABC permeases: are they really so different?

Anthony M George1, Peter M Jones

  • 1School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia. tony.george@uts.edu.au

Structure (London, England : 1993)
|November 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary

The study reveals that organisms can possess both high and low affinity ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters for the same substrate. This finding highlights significant structural and mechanistic diversity within the ABC transporter superfamily.

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Sensing of Barrier Tissue Disruption with an Organic Electrochemical Transistor
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Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Functional Assessment of Intestinal Tight Junction Barrier and Ion Permeability in Native Tissue by Ussing Chamber Technique
06:43

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Published on: May 26, 2021

Selection of Transporter-Targeted Inhibitory Nanobodies by Solid-Supported-Membrane (SSM)-Based Electrophysiology
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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Structural Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are crucial membrane proteins involved in the transport of various molecules across cellular membranes.
  • Understanding the diversity and function of ABC transporters is essential for comprehending cellular transport mechanisms.

Discussion:

  • The research by Tirado-Lee et al. (2011) presents structural and biochemical evidence for the co-existence of high and low affinity ABC transporters for a single substrate within one organism.
  • This discovery challenges previous assumptions about the homogeneity of transporter affinities for specific substrates within a given species.

Key Insights:

  • The presence of multiple affinity states for the same substrate suggests sophisticated regulatory mechanisms in cellular transport.
  • Structural and biochemical data reveal distinct differences between high and low affinity ABC transporters, implying divergent evolutionary paths or functional specializations.

Outlook:

  • Further investigation into the structural and mechanistic distinctions between these transporters is warranted.
  • This finding opens new avenues for exploring the functional implications of transporter affinity variations in biological systems and disease states.