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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the 20th century...
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
Cellular Injury IlI: Cellular Death01:11

Cellular Injury IlI: Cellular Death

Cell death is the irreversible loss of cellular structure and function, representing the final stage of severe injury. It plays a key role in both normal physiology and disease.Types of Cell DeathThe two main types are necrosis and apoptosis, though others like necroptosis and pyroptosis also exist.Necrosis:Necrosis is an unregulated form of cell death caused by severe injury such as trauma, toxins, or ischemia. It is characterized by cell swelling, membrane loss, rupture, and leakage of...
Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size reduction of the tissue.
Necrosis01:16

Necrosis

Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become anucleated and die, but their...
Caspases01:24

Caspases

Caspase, a family of cysteine proteases, serve as effectors in apoptosis. The ced3 gene in C.elegans was first identified to be involved in apoptosis. This gene encodes the ced-3 caspase that is similar to the interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme or ICE in mammals. In addition to apoptosis, caspases also function in the inflammatory response. Inflammatory caspases are essential in activating pro-inflammatory cytokines that recruit immune cells and block the replication of pathogens inside cells.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Use of LysoTracker to Detect Programmed Cell Death in Embryos and Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells
12:44

Use of LysoTracker to Detect Programmed Cell Death in Embryos and Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: October 11, 2012

Programmed cell death in animal development and disease.

Yaron Fuchs1, Hermann Steller

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.

Cell
|November 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Programmed cell death (PCD) is crucial for animal development and health. Dysregulation of PCD contributes to diseases like cancer and neurodegeneration, but also aids tissue repair.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Programmed cell death (PCD) is essential for normal animal development and maintaining tissue homeostasis.
  • Aberrant regulation of PCD is implicated in numerous human diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, and immunological and developmental disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a historical overview of PCD research.
  • To discuss the regulation, roles, and mechanisms of PCD during animal development.
  • To explore the non-lethal functions of apoptotic proteins and their connection to stem cells and cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and historical analysis of programmed cell death.
  • Discussion of apoptotic protein function, particularly caspases.
  • Exploration of signaling pathways involved in apoptosis and tissue regeneration.

Main Results:

  • PCD is a tightly regulated process with diverse roles in development, including cell differentiation and tissue remodeling.
  • Apoptotic proteins, such as caspases, have non-lethal functions critical for development.
  • Dying cells release signals that influence surrounding cells, promoting tissue repair and regeneration.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding PCD is vital for comprehending development and disease.
  • Apoptotic cell signaling has implications for stem cell biology and cancer therapeutics.
  • Further research into PCD mechanisms can reveal new therapeutic strategies for various diseases.