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Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs. “eh”). Phonemes combine to...
Language01:16

Language

Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
Language Development01:22

Language Development

Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
Numerical Calculations01:24

Numerical Calculations

In engineering applications, the representation of the numerical value is critical. Presenting or reporting the answer is one of the essential parts of engineering practices. Numerical calculations are performed using handheld calculators or computers since numerically accurate answers are always preferred.
The solution to a problem is obtained using different methods. While manually solving algebraic symbols is one of the most common methods, the graphical method is often preferred. Computers...
Calculation of First-Law Quantities II01:24

Calculation of First-Law Quantities II

The first law of thermodynamics establishes that the change in internal energy of a system is given by ΔU = q + w, where q is the heat exchanged, and w is the work performed. For a perfect gas, both internal energy (U) and enthalpy (H) depend solely on temperature. Consequently, for any change of state, whether reversible or irreversible, the internal energy change is determined by integrating the heat capacity at constant volume, and the enthalpy change by integrating the heat capacity at...

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Related Experiment Videos

Language in calculation: a core mechanism?

Yael Benn1, Ying Zheng, Iain D Wilkinson

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, UK. y.benn@sheffield.ac.uk

Neuropsychologia
|November 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A core brain network for calculation involves bilateral parietal and left-lateralized frontal, occipital, and inferior parietal regions. This network integrates visuo-spatial and linguistic processing for mathematical tasks.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Exact calculation often engages left hemisphere language networks.
  • However, calculation abilities can persist despite damage to these language systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify a core neural network for calculation.
  • To determine the role of left hemisphere language areas within this core network.

Main Methods:

  • Examined brain activity during addition and subtraction using both conventional number problems and novel shape representations.
  • Utilized functional neuroimaging to analyze task-related activations.

Main Results:

  • Numerical problems showed left fronto-temporal and parietal activity, suggesting linguistic involvement.
  • Shape problems activated occipital, parietal, and temporal regions, indicating visual reasoning.
  • A core network common to both tasks included bilateral superior parietal lobule, right temporal areas, and left inferior parietal, frontal, and occipital regions.

Conclusions:

  • The core calculation network involves bilateral parietal regions for visuo-spatial processing.
  • The left inferior parietal region, including the angular gyrus, is crucial but likely integrates information rather than solely relying on linguistic processing.
  • This network integrates visuo-spatial, linguistic, and executive functions for calculation.