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Leprosy and the natural selection for psoriasis.
Ioannis D Bassukas1, Georgios Gaitanis, Max Hundeiker
1Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece. ibassuka@cc.uoi.gr
Psoriasis prevalence may be linked to an evolutionary advantage in resisting leprosy. This hypothesis suggests that certain psoriasis-associated genes provided protection against leprosy, favoring their expansion in European ancestors.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Evolutionary Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Psoriasis is a prevalent inflammatory skin disease with higher incidence in Northern European populations.
- Enhanced innate immunity is a key factor in psoriasis pathophysiology.
- Population-level psoriasis prevalence differences are hypothesized to stem from natural selection pressures related to immunity against infectious agents.
Observation:
- A notable clinical observation is the near-mutual exclusivity between psoriasis and leprosy.
- This observation is corroborated by distinct Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) patterns in patients with psoriasis versus leprosy.
Findings:
- The study proposes that resistance to leprosy may have conferred an evolutionary advantage.
- This advantage could have favored the proliferation of specific psoriasis-associated genotypes, particularly in ancestral European populations.
- The spread of genetic traits conferring leprosy resistance might also explain the decline of leprosy in medieval Europe.
Implications:
- This hypothesis offers a novel perspective on the genetic underpinnings of psoriasis.
- It suggests a potential role for past infectious diseases in shaping immune-related genetic predispositions.
- Further genetic and paleoepidemiological research is recommended to validate this evolutionary link between psoriasis and leprosy resistance.
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