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Moderate Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Quantification of Social Behavior in Adult Rats
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Default mode network dysfunction in adults with prenatal alcohol exposure.

Priya Santhanam1, Claire D Coles2, Zhihao Li1

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is a leading preventable cause of birth defects and neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Cognitive and attentional deficits are common consequences of PAE.
  • The default mode network (DMN) plays a key role in attention and cognitive control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of PAE on DMN structure and function.
  • To compare DMN activity in individuals with and without PAE, including those with and without dysmorphic features.
  • To explore the relationship between DMN alterations and cognitive deficits in PAE.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized diffusional tensor imaging (DTI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  • Examined structural and resting-state functional connectivity of the DMN.
  • Assessed task-related DMN deactivation during a cognitive task in individuals with PAE and healthy controls.

Main Results:

  • The dysmorphic PAE group exhibited reduced DMN deactivation, suggesting impaired attentional modulation.
  • Both non-dysmorphic and dysmorphic PAE groups showed decreased structural and functional connectivity within the DMN compared to controls.
  • Findings indicate that PAE affects DMN activity in a dose-dependent manner.

Conclusions:

  • Learning difficulties associated with PAE may stem from combined attentional and cognitive deficits.
  • DMN alterations are a significant neurobiological correlate of PAE, influencing cognitive outcomes.
  • The degree of DMN disruption correlates with the severity of prenatal alcohol exposure.