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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Protocol for Human Blastoids Modeling Blastocyst Development and Implantation

Protocol for Human Blastoids Modeling Blastocyst Development and Implantation

Published on: August 10, 2022

Human hypoblast formation is not dependent on FGF signalling.

Mila Roode¹, Kathryn Blair, Philip Snell

¹Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.

Developmental Biology

|November 15, 2011

Summary

Human blastocyst development involves cell lineage segregation similar to mice, but with distinct signaling pathways. This study reveals early human embryo development and identifies a transient pluripotent cell population.

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In Vitro Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Trophoblastic Cells

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Hemogenic Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts by Enforced Expression of Transcription Factors

Hemogenic Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts by Enforced Expression of Transcription Factors

Published on: November 4, 2019

Area of Science:

Developmental biology
Stem cell biology
Human embryology

Background:

Mouse preimplantation development involves segregation into trophoblast, epiblast, and hypoblast lineages, regulated by transcription factors like Cdx2, Oct4, Nanog, and Gata6.
Mechanisms of lineage segregation are well-studied in mice but less characterized in other species, particularly human embryos where hypoblast differentiation remains uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize hypoblast differentiation in human blastocysts.
To investigate the role of FGF signaling in human hypoblast formation.
To identify potential similarities and differences in early embryonic development between humans and rodents.

Main Methods:

Immunolocalization of key transcription factors (Nanog and Gata4) in human blastocysts.
Inhibition of FGF signaling pathways in human embryos.
Analysis of cell lineage markers and pluripotency states.

Main Results:

Co-exclusive localization of Nanog and Gata4 in human blastocysts suggests epiblast and hypoblast segregation, analogous to rodents.
Human hypoblast formation is not dependent on FGF signaling, unlike in rodent embryos.
FGF inhibition results in persistent Nanog-positive cells, indicating a transient naive pluripotent population in human blastocysts.

Conclusions:

Human and rodent embryos share conserved mechanisms for early lineage segregation.
FGF signaling plays a differential role in hypoblast formation between humans and rodents.
A transient naive pluripotent population exists in human blastocysts, distinct from established human embryonic stem cell derivation protocols.