Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis
06:09

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis

Published on: July 18, 2017

Trend of antibiotic resistance in children with first acute pyelonephritis

Peco-Antic Amira, Paripovic Dusan, Spasojevic-Dimitrijeva Brankica

    Indian Pediatrics
    |November 15, 2011
    PubMed

    Insights

    Antimicrobial resistance in pediatric urinary tract infections is rising. This study observed increasing bacterial resistance to common antibiotics like co-trimoxazole and cephalosporins in children with acute pyelonephritis.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric infectious diseases
    • Microbiology
    • Clinical research

    Background:

    • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in children.
    • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in uropathogens is a growing global concern.
    • This study investigates AMR trends in pediatric acute pyelonephritis.

    Discussion:

    • A retrospective review of 411 children (<18 years) with first acute pyelonephritis was conducted.
    • Data were collected from January 2005 to December 2009.
    • The study analyzed trends in bacterial resistance patterns.

    Key Insights:

    • An increasing trend in bacterial resistance was observed.
    • Resistance increased towards co-trimoxazole, 2nd and 3rd generation cephalosporins, and gentamicin.
    • These findings highlight the challenge of empirical antibiotic treatment in pediatric UTIs.

    Outlook:

    • Further surveillance of AMR in pediatric uropathogens is crucial.
    • Development of updated treatment guidelines for pediatric UTIs is needed.
    • Continued research into novel antimicrobial strategies is warranted.

    More Related Videos

    Gastric Mucosa Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis for Detecting Helicobacter pylori and Antibiotic Resistance05:23

    Gastric Mucosa Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis for Detecting Helicobacter pylori and Antibiotic Resistance

    Published on: March 7, 2025

    Related Concept Videos

    Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

    Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

    Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
    Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

    Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

    Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such as Proteus,...
    Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA01:25

    Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA

    Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and acquisition...
    Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

    Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

    The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
    Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

    Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

    Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
    Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test01:26

    Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test

    A urine culture and sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify urinary tract bacterial infections and determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment. This test is generally preferred when a patient shows manifestations of a urinary tract infection, such as frequent or painful urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, or lower abdominal pain.Purpose of the TestThe primary goals of a urine culture and sensitivity test are to:Determine the specific bacteria causing the...