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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
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Vaccinations

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Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents01:18

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents

Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets

Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
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Enrichment of Native and Recombinant Extracellular Vesicles of Mycobacteria
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Published on: December 8, 2023

Vaccines for enteric infections.

Wilbur H Chen1, Samer S El-Kamary

  • 1Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. wchen@medicine.umaryland.edu

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology
|November 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Several enteric vaccines are available, offering significant protection in industrialized nations. However, their efficacy is lower in endemic regions, necessitating accelerated adoption to reduce disease burden in vulnerable populations.

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Published on: August 21, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Enteric infections remain a significant global health concern, causing substantial morbidity and mortality, particularly in vulnerable populations.
  • Epidemiological data highlights the prevalence of common enteric infections in both developing and industrialized countries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review currently licensed enteric vaccines.
  • To evaluate vaccine efficacy based on completed field trials.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological data for common enteric infections.
  • Description of licensed enteric vaccines, including type, dosage, age eligibility, and availability.
  • Analysis of clinical trial results for enteric vaccines worldwide.

Main Results:

  • Currently licensed enteric vaccines demonstrate high efficacy in industrialized countries.
  • These vaccines show reduced protective effects in endemic regions with higher disease prevalence.
  • Despite lower efficacy, vaccines hold considerable potential to reduce the absolute number of enteric infection cases in endemic areas.

Conclusions:

  • Enteric vaccines are available, with varying efficacy depending on the region.
  • Accelerated adoption and dissemination of affordable vaccines are crucial, especially in high-burden areas.
  • Public health measures, including sanitation and antimicrobials, complement vaccination efforts in controlling enteric infections.