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Related Concept Videos

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin

Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
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Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention01:27

Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention

Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

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Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy
05:12

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

Published on: May 12, 2023

Postoperative calcium supplementation in patients undergoing thyroidectomy.

Tracy S Wang1, Sanziana A Roman, Julie A Sosa

  • 1Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. tswang@mcw.edu

Current Opinion in Oncology
|November 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Postoperative hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy is common. Routine calcium and vitamin D supplementation may be more cost-effective and improve quality of life, though selective supplementation guided by parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels is also used.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy
05:12

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

Published on: May 12, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Complications
  • Thyroid Surgery

Background:

  • Postoperative hypocalcemia is a frequent complication after thyroidectomy.
  • Predictive factors, diagnostic methods, and supplementation strategies are crucial for management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent literature on predictive factors for postthyroidectomy hypocalcemia.
  • To examine methods for measuring serum calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels.
  • To evaluate algorithms for calcium and vitamin D supplementation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on postthyroidectomy hypocalcemia.
  • Analysis of predictive factors, including patient characteristics and surgical details.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic criteria using serum calcium and PTH levels.
  • Assessment of supplementation protocols (routine vs. selective) and their outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Risk factors include hyperthyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, female sex, substernal thyroid disease, and thyroid cancer.
  • Routine oral calcium and calcitriol supplementation can reduce tetany rates.
  • Postoperative PTH levels are predictive of symptomatic hypocalcemia; very low levels necessitate supplementation.
  • Routine supplementation is cost-effective and improves quality of life.

Conclusions:

  • Clinical approaches vary between routine and selective (PTH-guided) supplementation.
  • The optimal supplementation algorithm remains undetermined.
  • Societal cost-utility analysis suggests routine supplementation may be favored.