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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...

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Introductory Analysis and Validation of CUT&RUN Sequencing Data
04:58

Introductory Analysis and Validation of CUT&RUN Sequencing Data

Published on: December 13, 2024

Introduction to genomics.

Luca Del Giacco1, Cristina Cattaneo

  • 1Division of Functional and Reproductive Biology, Department of Biology, University of Milan, Milan-MI, Italy. luca.delgiacco@unimi.it

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|November 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genomics has evolved from studying single genes to analyzing entire genomes. This field now explores gene and protein functions, advancing our understanding of biological systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Scientific research has advanced from analyzing individual genes to investigating thousands simultaneously.
  • The scope has broadened from studying units of inheritance to examining entire organism genomes.
  • Genomics initially focused on DNA sequencing but has expanded to functional analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review fundamental assumptions and definitions in genomics.
  • To elucidate key concepts and methodologies underpinning genomic research.

Main Methods:

  • DNA sequencing
  • Gene expression profiling
  • Protein function analysis

Main Results:

  • Genomics now encompasses a comprehensive understanding of genetic material.
  • Functional genomics provides insights into gene and protein roles.
  • The field relies on diverse conceptual frameworks and approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Genomics represents a significant paradigm shift in biological sciences.
  • Understanding genomic principles is crucial for modern biological research.
  • The field continues to evolve, integrating sequence and functional data.