Integrin distribution in malignant melanoma: association of the beta 3 subunit with tumor progression

Since tumor progression is dependent on the ability of malignant cells to interact with the extracellular matrix, molecules on the cell surface which mediate cell-substratum interactions are likely to be important regulators of tumor invasion and metastasis. The purpose of this study was to examine the distribution of one such group of cell adhesion receptors, the integrins, in benign and malignant lesions of human melanocytes. The distribution of integrin adhesion receptors was defined on cells in culture derived from normal and malignant melanocytes and in tissue sections from benign to increasingly malignant melanocytic lesions using a panel of monoclonal antibodies against specific integrin subunits. Cells in culture expressed a large variety of integrins, including all of the previously characterized members of the beta 1 subfamily plus the alpha v/beta 3 vitronectin receptor. The expression of integrins was similar in cells cultured from either benign or malignant lesions. In contrast, consistent differences were noted in integrin expression by cells within tissues containing metastatic and vertical growth phase melanomas when compared to radial growth phase melanoma cells and cells within nevi. Most notably, the expression of the beta 3 subunit was restricted exclusively to cells within vertical growth phase and metastatic melanomas. The presence of this integrin may be important in the development of tumor invasiveness and could be useful as a marker of melanoma cells entering the more aggressive phase of the malignant process.