Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Functions of Life

Functions of Life

Human life is characterized by a variety of functions that are essential for survival and well-being. These functions include metabolism, movement, development, growth and reproduction.
Metabolism
The basic function of an organism is to consume energy and molecules in foods, convert some of it into fuel for movement, sustain body functions, and build and maintain body structures. There are two types of reactions that accomplish this: anabolism and catabolism.
Anabolism is the process whereby...

Humanistic Psychology

Humanistic Psychology

Humanistic psychology emerged in the mid-20th century as a response to the deterministic and pessimistic nature of behaviorism and psychoanalysis. While behaviorism focused on observable behaviors influenced by the environment and psychoanalysis delved into unconscious motivations, both theories suggested that human actions lacked free will. In contrast, humanistic psychology offers a perspective that emphasizes the innate potential for goodness and growth within every individual.
This approach...

Requirements for Human Life

Requirements for Human Life

The Earth and its atmosphere have provided humans with air, water, and food, but these are not the only requirements for survival. Humans also require a specific range of temperature and pressure that the Earth and its atmosphere provides.
Oxygen
Atmospheric air is only about 20 percent oxygen, but that oxygen is a key component of the chemical reactions that keep the body alive, including the reactions that produce ATP. Brain cells are susceptible to a lack of oxygen because they require a...

Carl Rogers' Humanistic Perspective on Personality

Carl Rogers' Humanistic Perspective on Personality

Carl Rogers, a key figure in humanistic psychology, believed that individuals possess an innate potential for growth and fulfillment. According to his model of personality, three significant components define an individual: the organism, the self, and conditions of worth.
The organism refers to an individual's inherent blueprint, which Rogers saw as innately positive and directed toward helping others, unlike Freud's view of the id as driven by base impulses. The self is a person's...

Maslow's Humanistic Approach on Personality

Maslow's Humanistic Approach on Personality

Abraham Maslow, a prominent figure in humanistic psychology, developed a theory centered on self-actualization, which he placed at the top of his hierarchy of needs. According to Maslow, self-actualization represents achieving one's full potential and is a rare accomplishment attained by approximately 2% of the population. Maslow identified notable historical figures such as Thomas Jefferson, Mahatma Gandhi, Helen Keller, and Martin Luther King Jr. as examples of self-actualized individuals.

Biodiversity and Human Values

Biodiversity and Human Values

Human civilization relies on biodiversity in many ways. Sudden changes in species biodiversity result in environmental changes that can modify weather patterns and therefore human civilizations.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Resting fMRI functional connectivity reflects fluctuations in inhibitory interneuron activity.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

An implanted lennula approach to measure neural Ca<sup>2+</sup> responses in the awake marmoset visual cortex.

Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)·2026

Same author

Sensory encoding and memory retrieval are coordinated with propagating waves in the human brain.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Targeted gene transfer into developmentally defined cell populations of the primate brain.

Cell reports·2025

Same author

Lateralized visuotopic organization in the macaque superior colliculus revealed by fMRI.

Progress in neurobiology·2025

Same author

Diffusion kurtosis imaging, MAP-MRI and NODDI selectively track gray matter myelin density in the primate cerebral cortex.

Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Published on: June 3, 2013

What is it like to be a human?

David A Leopold¹

¹Unit on Cognitive Neurophysiology and Imaging, National Institute Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Cognitive Neuroscience

|November 15, 2011

Summary

Exploring the evolutionary origins of consciousness, this study links awareness and sociality. It questions if animals without complex social circuits have different consciousness, emphasizing comparative research on animal social perception.

Area of Science:

Evolutionary biology
Neuroscience
Cognitive science

Background:

The evolutionary origins of consciousness remain a complex area of study.
Human subjective experience has both species-specific and phylogenetically shared features.
Existing theories on consciousness do not fully account for its evolutionary trajectory.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the evolutionary origins of consciousness by linking awareness and sociality.
To investigate whether consciousness in animals lacking specific neural circuits differs fundamentally from human consciousness.
To highlight the necessity of comparative research on animal social perception mechanisms.

Main Methods:

Conceptual analysis linking awareness and sociality.

More Related Videos

The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior

The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior

Published on: January 19, 2019

One Dimensional Turing-Like Handshake Test for Motor Intelligence

One Dimensional Turing-Like Handshake Test for Motor Intelligence

Published on: December 15, 2010

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Published on: June 3, 2013

The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior

The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior

Published on: January 19, 2019

One Dimensional Turing-Like Handshake Test for Motor Intelligence

One Dimensional Turing-Like Handshake Test for Motor Intelligence

Published on: December 15, 2010

Theoretical proposal regarding neural circuits for social perception and consciousness.

Identification of research questions for comparative neurobiology.

Main Results:

A novel framework proposing consciousness is dependent on high-level neural circuits evolved for social perception.
Raises critical questions about the nature of consciousness in non-human animals.
Identifies a gap in comparative research on animal social cognition.

Conclusions:

The proposed link between sociality and consciousness offers new perspectives on its evolutionary development.
Comparative studies are essential to understand the diversity of consciousness across species.
Future research should focus on the neural underpinnings of social perception in various animal groups.