Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
Healing II: Complications01:24

Healing II: Complications

Complications during healing arise when tissue repair is altered by local or systemic factors. These changes involve abnormal collagen deposition, altered biomechanics, and reduced vascular supply, impairing restoration of normal structure and function.Loss of FunctionScar tissue differs significantly from the original tissue it replaces. In the skin, fibrosis lacks adnexal structures such as hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. Their absence reduces tactile sensitivity, impairs...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Use of Dexamethasone in the Immediate Postoperative Period Is Associated With Increased Risk of Instrumentation and Surgical Site Complications in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Lumbar Spinal Fusion.

Clinical spine surgery·2026
Same author

Letter to the Editor regarding "The hidden cost of robotic spine surgery: Real-world adverse events cause 58-minute delays and undermine economic viability" by Schneider et al.

The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society·2025
Same author

Three-Dimensional Printed Anterior Cervical Standalone Combined Cage-Plate-300 Consecutive Medical Implants.

Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews·2025
Same author

The contribution of E3D imaging integrated with robotic navigation: analysis of the first 80 consecutive posterior spinal fusion cases.

Journal of robotic surgery·2024
Same author

100 Complex posterior spinal fusion cases performed with robotic instrumentation.

Journal of robotic surgery·2023
Same author

Innovations in Robotics and Navigation, Part 2.

International journal of spine surgery·2022
Same journal

New Technologies.

The Orthopedic clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Recent Innovations and Applications of Custom 3D Printed Cages for Critical Bone Defects in Foot and Ankle Surgery.

The Orthopedic clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Application of New Technologies: Patient-specific Instrumentation and Artificial Intelligence in the Field of Foot and Ankle.

The Orthopedic clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Robotic-Assisted Latissimus Dorsi Transfers Around the Shoulder.

The Orthopedic clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Blood Flow Restriction Therapy for the Upper Extremity: An Emerging Adjunct for Patient Recovery and Rehabilitation.

The Orthopedic clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

The Emerging Roles for 3 Dimensional Printing in Orthopedics: Applications, Evidence, and Future Directions.

The Orthopedic clinics of North America·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Surgical Technique for the Implantation of a Biomimetic Artificial Intervertebral Disc in a Goat Animal Model
07:06

Surgical Technique for the Implantation of a Biomimetic Artificial Intervertebral Disc in a Goat Animal Model

Published on: October 10, 2025

Cervical total disk replacement: complications and avoidance.

Behnam Salari1, Paul C McAfee

  • 1The Spine and Scoliosis Center, St. Joseph's Hospital, 7505 Osler Drive, Towson, MD 21204, USA.

The Orthopedic Clinics of North America
|November 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion effectively treats cervical spine issues. Motion-preserving technologies like cervical total disk replacement are advancing treatment options.

More Related Videos

Full-Endoscopic Transforaminal Approach for Lumbar Discectomy
01:24

Full-Endoscopic Transforaminal Approach for Lumbar Discectomy

Published on: September 8, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Surgical Technique for the Implantation of a Biomimetic Artificial Intervertebral Disc in a Goat Animal Model
07:06

Surgical Technique for the Implantation of a Biomimetic Artificial Intervertebral Disc in a Goat Animal Model

Published on: October 10, 2025

Full-Endoscopic Transforaminal Approach for Lumbar Discectomy
01:24

Full-Endoscopic Transforaminal Approach for Lumbar Discectomy

Published on: September 8, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Neurosurgery
  • Spinal Disorders

Background:

  • Anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a successful standard treatment for cervical spine conditions causing neurological deficits and pain.
  • ACDF, first described in 1955, is widely adopted by orthopedic surgeons and neurosurgeons.
  • Traditional ACDF may lead to adjacent segment disease due to altered biomechanics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of cervical spine surgery, focusing on advancements beyond traditional fusion.
  • To highlight the development and impact of motion-preserving technologies in cervical spine treatment.
  • To discuss the role of cervical total disk replacement (TDR) as an alternative to ACDF.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of historical and current cervical spine surgical techniques.
  • Analysis of advancements in motion-preserving technologies for the cervical spine.
  • Discussion of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals and ongoing trials for cervical TDR devices.

Main Results:

  • ACDF remains a successful procedure for treating refractory cervical radiculopathy, myelopathy, and neck pain.
  • Motion-preserving technologies, including cervical TDR, aim to maintain adjacent segment motion and potentially reduce adjacent segment disease.
  • Three cervical TDR devices have received FDA approval, with further investigational trials in progress.

Conclusions:

  • ACDF is a well-established and effective treatment for specific cervical spine pathologies.
  • Cervical TDR represents a significant innovation, offering a motion-preserving alternative to fusion.
  • The continued development and evaluation of TDR technologies are crucial for advancing cervical spine care.