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Related Concept Videos

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...
Transmission Electron Microscopy01:15

Transmission Electron Microscopy

In 1931, physicist Ernst Ruska—building on the idea that magnetic fields can direct an electron beam just as lenses can direct a beam of light in an optical microscope—developed the first prototype of the electron microscope. This development led to the development of the field of electron microscopy. In the transmission electron microscope (TEM), electrons are produced by a hot tungsten element and accelerated by a potential difference in an electron gun, which gives them up to 400 keV in...
Cryo-electron Microscopy01:28

Cryo-electron Microscopy

Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological molecules and results in several artifacts. Also, the high-energy electron beam damages the sample and makes it difficult to obtain high-resolution images. These issues can be addressed using cryo-EM, which uses frozen samples and gentler electron beams. The technique was developed by Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson, for...
Immunogold Electron Microscopy01:20

Immunogold Electron Microscopy

Immunoelectron microscopy utilizes immunogold labeling of endogenous proteins with specific antibodies to detect and localize these proteins in cells and tissues. The procedure provides insights into the distribution and quantification of protein under different stimulation conditions offering clues about their functions. Conjugating highly electron-dense gold particles with primary or secondary antibodies allow antigen detection on and within cells, with high resolution and specificity.
Overview of Electron Microscopy01:25

Overview of Electron Microscopy

The wavelengths of visible light ultimately limit the maximum theoretical resolution of images created by light microscopes. Most light microscopes can only magnify 1000X, and a few can magnify up to 1500X. Electrons, like electromagnetic radiation, can behave like waves, but with wavelengths of 0.005 nm, they produce significantly greater resolution up to 0.05 nm as compared to 500 nm for visible light. An electron microscope (EM) can create a sharp image that is magnified up to 2,000,000X.
Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Electron Cryotomography of Bacterial Cells
14:23

Electron Cryotomography of Bacterial Cells

Published on: May 6, 2010

Electron tomography of cells.

Lu Gan1, Grant J Jensen

  • 1Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.

Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics
|November 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electron tomography provides the highest resolution 3D imaging of cells, revealing molecular organization. Future technologies promise even greater insights into structural cell biology.

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Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Electron Cryotomography of Bacterial Cells
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Published on: May 6, 2010

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Area of Science:

  • Structural biology
  • Cell biology
  • Microscopy

Background:

  • Electron microscopy has been crucial for understanding biological structure for 80 years.
  • Recent advances enable electron tomography as the premier 3D imaging technique for cellular structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of electron tomography in revealing cellular molecular organization.
  • To discuss the potential of current and future technologies in structural cell biology.

Main Methods:

  • Electron tomography involves imaging cells using either plastic-embedded or frozen-hydrated methods.
  • A series of projection images are acquired and computationally reconstructed into a 3D tomogram.

Main Results:

  • Electron tomography has begun to elucidate the intricate molecular organization within cells.
  • This technique offers unprecedented detail for unique biological specimens.

Conclusions:

  • Electron tomography is a powerful tool for high-resolution 3D imaging of cells.
  • Technological advancements will further enhance our understanding of structural cell biology.