Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure
07:41

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure

Published on: February 8, 2022

Surgical management of muscular trabecular ventricular septal defects

Toshihide Asou1

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, 2-138-4 Mutsukawa, Minami-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 232-8555, Japan. tasou@kcmc.jp

General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
|November 16, 2011
PubMed

Insights

Muscular trabecular ventricular septal defects (VSDs) remain challenging to close surgically, leading to higher complication rates. This review details VSD anatomy and surgical techniques to improve outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Congenital Heart Disease Surgery

Background:

  • Muscular trabecular ventricular septal defects (VSDs) present significant surgical challenges despite advances in pediatric cardiac care.
  • Difficulty in visualizing defect edges and achieving complete closure, especially in apical or "Swiss cheese" VSDs, leads to higher morbidity and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the anatomical features and classification of muscular trabecular VSDs.
  • To review current surgical techniques for managing these complex VSDs and their outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Anatomical description of muscular trabecular VSDs.
  • Review of surgical closure techniques and their reported outcomes.
  • Classification of VSD types based on anatomical characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Muscular trabeculations complicate the accurate assessment and closure of VSDs, particularly trabecular and "Swiss cheese" types.
  • Current surgical techniques for trabecular VSDs are associated with significant residual shunts, reoperations, and left ventricular dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Secure and complete closure of muscular trabecular VSDs remains a therapeutic challenge in pediatric cardiac surgery.
  • Further refinement of surgical techniques and anatomical understanding is needed to reduce complications associated with these defects.

More Related Videos

Surgical Management of Meatal Stenosis with Meatoplasty04:53

Surgical Management of Meatal Stenosis with Meatoplasty

Published on: November 30, 2010

Cox-Maze IV Procedure Concomitant with Valvular Surgery In Situs Inversus Dextrocardia: A Single-Center Experience in China08:42

Cox-Maze IV Procedure Concomitant with Valvular Surgery In Situs Inversus Dextrocardia: A Single-Center Experience in China

Published on: February 11, 2022

Related Concept Videos

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management01:26

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...
Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is characterized by retrograde blood circulation from the left ventricle into the left atrium due to inadequate mitral valve closure. The severity of the condition, symptoms, and underlying cause determine treatment strategies.Monitoring and Pharmacological TreatmentPatients with mild to moderate MR typically do not need immediate intervention but regular monitoring to assess progression and guide treatment. Patients with mild MR should have an echocardiogram every 3-5...
Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular tachycardia.