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Related Concept Videos

Tight Junctions01:29

Tight Junctions

Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...
Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts01:57

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order to...
Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts01:57

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order to...
Cytoskeletal Accessory Proteins01:13

Cytoskeletal Accessory Proteins

The cytoskeleton is an essential cell component that plays several structural and functional roles. However, the filaments that make up the cytoskeleton cannot function independently and depend on the accessory or ancillary proteins to effectively carry out their function. Accessory proteins associate with cytoskeletal filaments and their monomers, aiding filament formation and function. They also help in the cross-communication among cytoskeletal filaments. Cytoskeletal accessory proteins are...
Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins and β-barrels01:09

Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins and β-barrels

In multi-pass transmembrane proteins, the polypeptide chain crosses the membrane more than once. The transmembrane polypeptide chain either forms an α-helix or β-strand structure. α-Helix containing multi-pass transmembrane proteins are ubiquitous, whereas β-strand containing ones are mainly found in gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.
α-Helix containing multi-pass transmembrane proteins
Multi-pass transmembrane proteins such as G-protein-linked receptors (GPCRs) and...
Cytoskeletal Linker Proteins - Plakins01:09

Cytoskeletal Linker Proteins - Plakins

Plakins are large proteins with binding domains for microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and membrane-associated protein complexes at cell junctions. Plakin functions are evolutionarily conserved and are primarily involved in organizing the different components of the cytoskeleton by crosslinking them to each other and connecting them to the cell-matrix and cell adhesion complexes. They are also known to interact with signal transducers, serve as scaffolds for signaling...

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The C. elegans Intestine As a Model for Intercellular Lumen Morphogenesis and In Vivo Polarized Membrane Biogenesis at the Single-cell Level: Labeling by Antibody Staining, RNAi Loss-of-function Analysis and Imaging
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Occludin: one protein, many forms.

Philip M Cummins1

  • 1School of Biotechnology and Centre for Preventive Medicine, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland. phil.cummins@dcu.ie

Molecular and Cellular Biology
|November 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tight junctions (TJs) maintain tissue integrity and barrier function. This review explores how occludin protein modifications impact TJ dynamics and homeostasis in health and disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Intercellular tight junctions (TJs) are crucial for epithelial and endothelial tissue integrity and barrier function.
  • TJ dysregulation is implicated in various diseases, including cancer and inflammatory lung disease.
  • TJs are dynamic signaling entities influenced by protein modifications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on occludin modifications at posttranscriptional and posttranslational levels.
  • To examine the consequences of these modifications on TJ dynamics and homeostasis.
  • To highlight future research directions in occludin biology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of posttranscriptional and posttranslational modifications of occludin.
  • Examination of mechanistic concepts including splice variance, alternate promoter usage, proteolysis, phosphorylation, dimerization, and ubiquitination.
  • Analysis of the impact of these modifications on TJ function and homeostasis.

Main Results:

  • Occludin, a key TJ protein, undergoes diverse modifications influencing TJ stabilization and barrier function.
  • Posttranscriptional modifications like splice variance and alternate promoter usage alter occludin expression and function.
  • Posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and proteolysis dynamically regulate occludin activity and TJ integrity.

Conclusions:

  • Occludin modifications are critical for maintaining epithelial and endothelial homeostasis.
  • Understanding these modifications provides insights into TJ pathophysiology in diseases.
  • Further investigation into occludin regulatory mechanisms is essential for therapeutic strategies.