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Anatomy of the Brain: Ventricles

Anatomy of the Brain: Ventricles

There are hollow fluid-filled cavities known as ventricles deep inside the human brain. There are two lateral ventricles, one in each cerebral hemisphere, and each has three different projections — the anterior, inferior, and posterior horns visible from the lateral side. A thin membrane called the septum pellucidum separates the two lateral ventricles. The slender third ventricle in the diencephalon is connected to each lateral ventricle via a channel called the interventricular foramen. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

State of the Art Cranial Ultrasound Imaging in Neonates

State of the Art Cranial Ultrasound Imaging in Neonates

Published on: February 2, 2015

New reference values for the neonatal cerebral ventricles.

Margaretha J Brouwer¹, Linda S de Vries, Floris Groenendaal

¹Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht/Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Post Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, the Netherlands.

|November 16, 2011

Summary

New reference values for neonatal lateral ventricle size were established. These charts aid in identifying ventriculomegaly in preterm and term infants, crucial for early diagnosis and management.

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Modeling Neonatal Intraventricular Hemorrhage Through Intraventricular Injection of Hemoglobin

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Published on: August 25, 2022

Area of Science:

Neonatal neuroimaging
Pediatric neurology
Developmental biology

Background:

Accurate reference values for neonatal lateral ventricle size are essential for diagnosing abnormalities.
Existing data may not adequately represent diverse gestational ages and developmental stages.

Purpose of the Study:

Establish cross-sectional reference values for lateral ventricle size in neonates (24-42 weeks gestational age).
Develop longitudinal reference values for very preterm infants (<30 weeks gestation) for follow-up.
Provide tools for early identification and quantification of ventriculomegaly.

Main Methods:

Prospective cohort study of 625 neonates.
Cranial ultrasonography (US) performed within 4 days of birth and repeated in 301 infants.
US measurements included ventricular index (VI), anterior horn width (AHW), and thalamo-occipital distance (TOD).
Analysis of 79 very preterm infants at term-equivalent age (TEA).

Main Results:

Cross-sectional reference values for VI and TOD increased with gestational age; AHW remained constant.
Vaginal birth associated with smaller AHW and increased AHW within the first week.
Preterm infants had larger ventricular size at TEA compared to term infants.

Conclusions:

New cross-sectional and longitudinal reference curves for neonatal lateral ventricle size have been established.
These curves facilitate early detection and quantification of ventriculomegaly.
Potential to aid in diagnosing conditions like posthemorrhagic ventricular dilation and periventricular white matter loss.