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Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow

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Tensor-vector-scalar-modified gravity: from small scale to cosmology.

Jacob D Bekenstein¹

¹Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel. bekenste@vms.huji.ac.il

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences

|November 16, 2011

Summary

Standard cosmology faces galaxy-scale challenges, potentially indicating gravity theory failure. Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) and its relativistic extension, TeVeS, offer alternative explanations for galaxy phenomena.

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Area of Science:

Cosmology
Astrophysics
Gravitational Physics

Background:

The standard cosmological model successfully explains large-scale structures but faces challenges on galactic scales.
These challenges may indicate limitations of current gravity theories when applied to galaxies.
Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) effectively describes galaxy phenomenology but lacks a relativistic foundation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review known problems within the standard cosmological model concerning galaxy formation and dynamics.
To explore alternative gravity theories, particularly MOND and its relativistic extension, Tensor-Vector-Scalar (TeVeS) theory.
To assess the performance of TeVeS theory in explaining galaxy phenomenology and cosmological observations.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on cosmological model discrepancies on galaxy scales.
Analysis of the theoretical framework of MOND and its non-relativistic implications.
Examination of the structure, MOND/Newtonian limits, and relativistic formulation of TeVeS theory.
Evaluation of TeVeS theory against observational data from galaxy phenomenology, strong, and weak gravitational lensing.

Main Results:

Identified significant problems with the standard cosmological model on galaxy scales.
Demonstrated that a simple nonlinear modified gravity theory can reproduce MOND phenomenology non-relativistically but faces relativistic challenges.
Introduced TeVeS as a covariant modified gravity theory that overcomes relativistic obstacles and incorporates MOND.
Reviewed TeVeS cosmology and its confrontation with gravitational lensing data.

Conclusions:

The standard cosmological model may require modifications to fully explain galaxy systems.
MOND provides a successful phenomenological description of galaxies, and TeVeS offers a potential relativistic framework.
TeVeS theory shows promise in addressing galaxy-scale issues and warrants further investigation against cosmological data.