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Related Concept Videos

Gravity between Spherical Bodies01:27

Gravity between Spherical Bodies

Newton's law of gravitation describes the gravitational force between any two point masses. However, for extended spherical objects like the Earth, the Moon, and other planets, the law holds with an assumption that masses of spherical objects are concentrated at their respective centers.
This assumption can be proved easily by showing that the expression for gravitational potential energy between a hollow sphere of mass (M) and a point mass (m) is the same as it would be for a pair of extended...
Gravitation Between Spherically Symmetric Masses01:14

Gravitation Between Spherically Symmetric Masses

The gravitational potential energy between two spherically symmetric bodies can be calculated from the masses and the distance between the bodies, assuming that the center of mass is concentrated at the respective centers of the bodies.
Variation in Acceleration due to Gravity near the Earth's Surface01:20

Variation in Acceleration due to Gravity near the Earth's Surface

An object's apparent weight is its weight measured by a spring balance at its location. It is different from its true weight, the force with which the Earth pulls it, because of the Earth's rotation. Mathematically, an object's apparent weight equals its true weight minus the centripetal force that keeps it in a circular motion along with the Earth's surface every 24 hours.
The difference between the true and apparent weights is proportional to the square of the Earth's angular speed. Since the...
Gravitational Potential Energy for Extended Objects01:07

Gravitational Potential Energy for Extended Objects

Consider a system comprising several point masses. The coordinates of the center of mass for this system can be expressed as the summation of the product of each mass and its position vector divided by the total mass:
Reduced Mass Coordinates: Isolated Two-body Problem01:12

Reduced Mass Coordinates: Isolated Two-body Problem

In classical mechanics, the two-body problem is one of the fundamental problems describing the motion of two interacting bodies under gravity or any other central force. When considering the motion of two bodies, one of the most important concepts is the reduced mass coordinates, a quantity that allows the two-body problem to be solved like a single-body problem. In these circumstances, it is assumed that a single body with reduced mass revolves around another body fixed in a position with an...
Comparison Between Electrical And Gravitational Forces01:24

Comparison Between Electrical And Gravitational Forces

There are four fundamental forces in nature: the gravitational force, the electromagnetic force, the strong nuclear force, and the weak nuclear force. To compare the numerical strengths of the first two, take two particles of the same kind. Since electrons are fundamental particles, they are a good example.
Since both are inverse square law forces, the distance gets canceled when the ratio of the two forces is considered. Instead, the ratio of the electrical and gravitational forces depends on...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

Model selection for modified gravity.

T D Kitching1, F Simpson, A F Heavens

  • 1SUPA, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK. tdk@roe.ac.uk

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|November 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Future cosmological surveys can decisively distinguish modified gravity theories from general relativity (GR). Large-scale experiments will probe gravity on cosmic scales, revealing dark energy

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Published on: November 13, 2014

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Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

Reduced-gravity Environment Hardware Demonstrations of a Prototype Miniaturized Flow Cytometer and Companion Microfluidic Mixing Technology
13:59

Reduced-gravity Environment Hardware Demonstrations of a Prototype Miniaturized Flow Cytometer and Companion Microfluidic Mixing Technology

Published on: November 13, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Cosmology
  • Theoretical Physics
  • Gravitational Physics

Background:

  • The accelerated expansion of the Universe suggests a deviation from General Relativity (GR).
  • Modified gravity theories offer alternative explanations for cosmic acceleration.
  • Distinguishing between GR and modified gravity is crucial for understanding dark energy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review model selection predictions for modified gravity scenarios.
  • To present analytical procedures for calculating Bayesian evidence values.
  • To assess the capability of future cosmological surveys to differentiate modified gravity from GR.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical procedures for calculating Bayesian evidence values.
  • Comparison of nested and non-nested modified gravity models.
  • Utilizing Bayes' factors for model comparison.
  • Rank-ordering evidence values for non-nested models.

Main Results:

  • Large-area photometric and spectroscopic surveys can decisively distinguish modified gravity from GR.
  • Odds of distinguishing models are expected to be greater than 1:100.
  • Even minimal modified gravity parametrizations offer a large discovery space.
  • Newton's constant variation with time and length scale is explored.

Conclusions:

  • Future large-scale cosmological experiments are essential for understanding gravity.
  • These experiments will be pivotal in distinguishing modified gravity from GR.
  • The study highlights the potential for significant discoveries in gravitational physics.