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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Determining and Controlling External Power Output During Regular Handrim Wheelchair Propulsion

Determining and Controlling External Power Output During Regular Handrim Wheelchair Propulsion

Published on: February 5, 2020

Comparison between overground and dynamometer manual wheelchair propulsion.

Alicia M Koontz¹, Lynn A Worobey, Ian M Rice

¹Human Engineering Research Laboratories, Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research and Development Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Journal of Applied Biomechanics

|November 17, 2011

Summary

Manual wheelchair users showed consistent propulsion biomechanics between overground and dynamometer testing. While not identical, key force and timing variables remained similar, validating dynamometer use for some research.

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Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Rehabilitation Engineering
Human Movement Science

Background:

Laboratory simulators offer controlled environments for studying wheelchair propulsion.
However, their ability to accurately replicate real-world overground propulsion on natural surfaces is debated.
Understanding simulator validity is crucial for accurate physiological and biomechanical research.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare kinetic and temporal parameters of manual wheelchair propulsion between overground and dynamometer conditions.
To assess the correlation of user biomechanics across different propulsion environments.
To determine the extent to which a dynamometer emulates natural wheelchair use.

Main Methods:

Twenty-four experienced manual wheelchair users propelled wheelchairs on both a tile surface and a dynamometer at self-selected speeds.
Kinetic data were collected using an instrumented wheel.
Pearson correlation and cross-correlation analyses were employed to compare propulsion variables.

Main Results:

Significant correlations (R ranging from 0.41 to 0.83) were found for user biomechanics between the overground and dynamometer conditions.
Ensemble force and moment curves showed qualitative similarities in shape.
Wheelchair users demonstrated consistency in force application, peak force timing, push angle, and stroke frequency.

Conclusions:

Dynamometers provide a reasonably consistent measure of wheelchair propulsion biomechanics compared to overground testing.
While not a perfect replication, dynamometers can be a valuable tool for studying manual wheelchair propulsion.
Findings support the use of dynamometers for specific aspects of wheelchair propulsion research, acknowledging some dissimilarities to natural conditions.