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Phosphonium-based ionic liquids as modifiers for biomedical grade poly(vinyl chloride).

Ana M A Dias1, Sofia Marceneiro, Mara E M Braga

  • 1CIEPQPF, Chemical Engineering Department, FCTUC, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II - Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal. adias@eq.uc.pt

Acta Biomaterialia
|November 17, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Phosphonium-based ionic liquids (PhILs) can modify poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) properties, offering potential alternatives to phthalate plasticizers in biomedical applications. [P(6,6,6,14)][Tf(2)N] showed promising results for blood compatibility and gas permeability.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is widely used in biomedical applications but often requires plasticizers.
  • Traditional phthalate plasticizers raise health concerns, necessitating safer alternatives.
  • Phosphonium-based ionic liquids (PhILs) are explored for their potential to modify PVC properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of four PhILs on the chemical, physical, and biological properties of PVC.
  • To evaluate PhILs as potential alternatives to phthalate plasticizers for biomedical PVC.
  • To determine the optimal PhIL for modifying PVC for biomedical use.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of PVC films with varying PhIL compositions (0-20 wt.%) via solvent casting.
  • Characterization using FTIR, TGA, DSC, DMA, SEM/EDX, XRD, and permeability tests.
  • Assessment of biocompatibility, including haemolytic potential, thrombogenicity, and cytotoxicity.

Main Results:

  • PhILs altered PVC hydrophobicity, water uptake, and plasticizer leachability.
  • Specific PhIL cation/anion combinations significantly modified thermal and mechanical properties.
  • [P(6,6,6,14)][Tf(2)N] demonstrated the best blood compatibility, low leaching, and favorable gas permeability.
  • Ionic halide salts promoted PVC dehydrochlorination; [P(6,6,6,14)][dca] and [P(4,4,4,4)][Cl] exhibited haemolytic potential.

Conclusions:

  • PhILs can serve as multi-functional plasticizers for PVC, with tunable properties.
  • PhIL selection is crucial for achieving desired performance and biocompatibility.
  • [P(6,6,6,14)][Tf(2)N] is a promising candidate for biomedical PVC applications due to its balanced properties.