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Related Concept Videos

Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral chromosome underwent...
Convergent Evolution01:54

Convergent Evolution

Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
Evolution of New Traits in Microbes01:24

Evolution of New Traits in Microbes

Microorganisms evolve rapidly due to their large population sizes and short generation times, often exhibiting measurable changes within days under laboratory conditions. Natural selection acts on standing genetic variation, enabling the retention and amplification of beneficial traits that confer fitness advantages in changing environments.Adaptive Pigment Regulation in RhodobacterIn Rhodobacter, a genus of purple non-sulfur bacteria, light-harvesting pigments such as bacteriochlorophyll and...
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Evolution of Microbial Genome01:08

Evolution of Microbial Genome

Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...

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Generation of Transgenic Rats using a Lentiviral Vector Approach
09:07

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Published on: May 17, 2020

Chromosomal evolution in Rodentia.

S A Romanenko1, P L Perelman, V A Trifonov

  • 1Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia. rosa@mcb.nsc.ru

Heredity
|November 17, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study synthesizes rodent karyotypic and phylogenetic data, revealing new insights into chromosomal evolution. It revises ancestral karyotypes for a more accurate depiction of rodent evolutionary history.

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Area of Science:

  • Mammalian genetics
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Comparative genomics

Background:

  • Rodentia is the most species-rich mammalian order, containing vital laboratory models.
  • Increasing data on rodent karyotypic and phylogenetic relationships necessitates synthesis.
  • Existing knowledge lacks a comprehensive overview of rodent chromosomal evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To integrate diverse data for a unified understanding of rodent karyotypic and phylogenetic relations.
  • To revise ancestral karyotype reconstructions based on new evidence.
  • To provide a more accurate depiction of chromosomal evolution within Rodentia.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of conventional banding studies.
  • Analysis of comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) painting data.
  • Inclusion of molecular phylogenetic reconstructions.

Main Results:

  • Revision of several ancestral karyotypic reconstructions.
  • More accurate depiction of chromosomal evolution across rodent taxa.
  • Identification of key chromosomal changes in rodent evolution.

Conclusions:

  • The integrated approach provides a robust framework for understanding rodent chromosomal evolution.
  • This synthesis clarifies evolutionary relationships and karyotypic patterns within the order.
  • The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of mammalian genome evolution.