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Kinetic and kinematic compensations in amputee vertical jumping
Marlene Schoeman1, Ceri E Diss, Siobhan C Strike
1Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, School of Medicine, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
Journal of Applied Biomechanics
|November 17, 2011
Summary
Unilateral transtibial amputation leads to significant movement asymmetry during vertical jumps. The prosthetic limb shows limited contribution, resulting in reduced jump height due to altered biomechanics.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Prosthetics
- Human Movement Analysis
Background:
- Unilateral transtibial amputation disrupts the musculoskeletal system, causing biomechanical asymmetry.
- Understanding compensations during dynamic movements like vertical jumps is crucial for amputees.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess movement asymmetry and compensations in unilateral transtibial amputees during a countermovement vertical jump.
- To compare biomechanics between intact and prosthetic limbs and with able-bodied individuals.
Main Methods:
- Three-dimensional lower limb kinematics and kinetics were quantified for six amputees and ten able-bodied participants.
- Symmetry was assessed using the symmetry index (SI) and statistical tests.
- Jump height, range of motion, and work done were analyzed.
Main Results:
- Amputees exhibited significant ankle asymmetry (SI > 10%) and reduced jump height (0.09-0.24 m).
- The prosthetic limb contributed no work during propulsion, and knee extension was limited compared to able-bodied participants.
- While knee and hip range of motion showed no statistical difference between sides, functional asymmetry was observed.
Conclusions:
- The prosthetic ankle and knee limitations, combined with altered musculoskeletal mechanics, significantly reduce jump height in unilateral transtibial amputees.
- Compensatory strategies, like maintaining knee extension, are employed but do not fully restore jumping performance.
