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Related Concept Videos

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...

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Proliferation and Differentiation of Murine Myeloid Precursor 32D/G-CSF-R Cells
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Published on: February 21, 2018

OCT4 pseudogenes present in human leukemia cells.

Xiaoping Guo1, Yongmin Tang

  • 1Division of Hematology-oncology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #57 Zhuganxiang Road, Yan-an Street, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China. lovelyappleguo@163.com

Clinical and Experimental Medicine
|November 17, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) pseudogenes, not functional OCT4, are present in leukemia cells. OCT4 protein expression is rare in leukemia, suggesting limited significance in leukemia studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) is a key regulator of pluripotency in embryonic stem cells (ESCs).
  • OCT4 expression is documented in solid tumors and adult stem cells, but its presence in the hematopoietic system, particularly leukemia, is debated.
  • The functional role and expression of OCT4 in leukemia remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genuine expression and potential significance of OCT4 in human leukemia cells.
  • To differentiate between OCT4 expression and pseudogene presence in leukemia samples.

Main Methods:

  • Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for gene amplification.
  • Flow cytometry for protein detection.
  • PCR product sequencing and alignment using NCBI BLAST and DNAMAN software.

Main Results:

  • Full-length OCT4 genes were amplified in a small fraction of leukemia cell lines (2/9) and patient samples (7/49).
  • Sequence analysis revealed significant base mutations and high similarity to OCT4 pseudogenes on chromosomes 1 and 8.
  • Flow cytometry detected low OCT4 protein positivity (<10%), primarily in a very small subset of leukemia stem cells.

Conclusions:

  • The amplified OCT4 sequences in leukemia cells primarily correspond to OCT4 pseudogenes.
  • Functional OCT4 protein expression is rarely detected in leukemia cells using flow cytometry.
  • OCT4 pseudogenes are present in the tested leukemia cell panel, and OCT4's functional role in leukemia appears limited.