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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Allergic Reactions02:06

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Overview
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
Adrenergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses01:30

Adrenergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses

Adrenergic agonists have diverse therapeutic uses across various medical conditions and emergencies.
Emergency and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) applications: Pressor agents increase blood pressure, heart rate, and contractility in shock and organ failure situations. Dopamine can induce vasodilation and stimulate adrenoceptors. Endogenous catecholamines are effective in treating cardiogenic shock. α2-agonists like clonidine can reverse anesthesia-induced hypertension.
Allergies and anaphylaxis:...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...

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Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency
10:22

Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency

Published on: June 29, 2021

Mediators released during human anaphylaxis.

Shelley F Stone1, Simon G A Brown

  • 1Centre for Clinical Research in Emergency Medicine, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. Shelley.Stone@uwa.edu.au

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
|November 17, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anaphylaxis involves complex overlapping pathways and mediators, with novel findings in murine models suggesting neutrophils amplify reactions. Understanding these mechanisms may lead to new treatments for this severe allergic response.

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Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency
10:22

Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency

Published on: June 29, 2021

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
07:49

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

Published on: October 14, 2014

Development of an in vitro model system for studying the interaction of Equus caballus IgE with its high-affinity receptor Fc&#949;RI
07:31

Development of an in vitro model system for studying the interaction of Equus caballus IgE with its high-affinity receptor FcεRI

Published on: November 1, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergy Research
  • Cellular Signaling

Background:

  • Anaphylaxis involves numerous mediators with overlapping functions and multiple cell types.
  • Mediator detection can be challenging due to localized reactions and varying potencies.
  • The amplification of local reactions to systemic anaphylaxis remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the complex mechanisms underlying anaphylaxis.
  • To identify novel mediators and cellular players involved in anaphylaxis.
  • To understand factors contributing to varying reaction severities.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on anaphylaxis mediators and pathways.
  • Analysis of findings from murine models of anaphylaxis.
  • Investigation of gene expression and intracellular signaling in mediator release.

Main Results:

  • Identification of novel mediators in murine models that may propagate anaphylaxis.
  • Evidence suggesting circulating neutrophils play a role in reaction amplification.
  • Differential gene expression in signaling pathways correlates with anaphylaxis severity.

Conclusions:

  • Anaphylaxis is a complex process with redundant pathways and variable mediator potency.
  • Murine models offer insights into novel mediators and the role of neutrophils in amplifying anaphylaxis.
  • Improved understanding of anaphylaxis mechanisms can drive the development of new therapeutic strategies.