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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

The "Motor" in Implicit Motor Sequence Learning: A Foot-stepping Serial Reaction Time Task

The "Motor" in Implicit Motor Sequence Learning: A Foot-stepping Serial Reaction Time Task

Published on: May 3, 2018

The neural basis of implicit perceptual sequence learning.

Freja Gheysen¹, Filip Van Opstal, Chantal Roggeman

¹Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

|November 17, 2011

Summary

This study reveals two brain systems for implicit sequence learning: the caudate nucleus and hippocampus. The caudate learns gradually for both perceptual and motor tasks, while the hippocampus learns faster, especially for motor skills.

Keywords:

caudate nucleus fMRI hippocampus implicit sequence learning motor sequence learning perceptual sequence learning

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Neuroimaging

Background:

Implicit sequence learning involves acquiring information without conscious awareness.
Understanding the neural basis of different learning systems is crucial for cognitive neuroscience.
Previous research has explored perceptual and motor learning separately.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the neural mechanisms underlying implicit perceptual sequence learning using fMRI.
To compare the neural time course of perceptual sequence learning with previously studied motor sequence learning.
To elucidate the distinct functional roles of the caudate nucleus and hippocampus in implicit learning.

Main Methods:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed to monitor brain activity.
A perceptual serial color matching task was used to assess sequence learning.
Behavioral and neural data were analyzed to track the learning process over time.

Main Results:

Two distinct neural systems, the caudate nucleus and hippocampus, support implicit sequence learning.
The caudate nucleus showed gradual learning for both perceptual and motor sequences.
The hippocampus exhibited faster learning, more prominent in motor tasks compared to perceptual tasks.

Conclusions:

Implicit sequence learning involves at least two systems with different operating principles: the caudate and hippocampus.
Consciousness is not the primary factor differentiating these learning systems.
This study provides novel insights into the specific roles of the hippocampus and caudate in perceptual and motor implicit sequence learning.