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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...

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Red blood cells (RBCs) transport oxygen to all body tissues. These cells survive only for 120 days and then need to be replenished. Erythropoiesis is the process of RBC production. In healthy individuals, erythropoiesis ensures all tissues are amply supplied with oxygen. In addition, blood loss due to injury leads to a drop in the physiological oxygen level that will cause erythropoiesis. Any defect in erythropoiesis leads to several physiological disorders, including thalassemia, anemia, and...

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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...

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Characterization of Sickling During Controlled Automated Deoxygenation with Oxygen Gradient Ektacytometry

Characterization of Sickling During Controlled Automated Deoxygenation with Oxygen Gradient Ektacytometry

Published on: November 5, 2019

Pathophysiological insights in sickle cell disease.

Marie-Hélène Odièvre¹, Emmanuelle Verger, Ana Cristina Silva-Pinto

¹Inserm, UMR 763, Hôpital Robert Debré, Université Paris Diderot, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France.

The Indian Journal of Medical Research

|November 18, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) pathophysiology is better understood through new data on red blood cell dehydration, inflammation, and vascular dysfunction. These factors help explain the triggers for vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs) in SCD.

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Characterization of Sickling During Controlled Automated Deoxygenation with Oxygen Gradient Ektacytometry

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Published on: November 5, 2019

Endothelialized Microfluidics for Studying Microvascular Interactions in Hematologic Diseases

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Published on: June 22, 2012

Area of Science:

Hematology
Molecular Biology
Pathophysiology

Background:

The foundational understanding of sickle cell disease (SCD) stems from the polymerization of deoxy-HbS within red blood cells.
This mechanism explains hemolytic anemia and vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs) but not their specific triggers.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent data that elucidate the triggers of VOCs in SCD.
To provide a more comprehensive understanding of SCD pathophysiology.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent scientific data.
Analysis of emerging pathophysiological mechanisms in SCD.

Main Results:

Red blood cell dehydration contributes to SCD pathophysiology.
Abnormal endothelial adhesion properties and inflammatory phenomena play a role.
Vascular tone abnormalities and altered nitric oxide metabolism are implicated in VOCs.

Conclusions:

Recent findings offer new insights into the triggers of vaso-occlusive crises.
A multifactorial approach integrating cellular and vascular events is crucial for understanding SCD.
This review highlights the complex pathophysiology of sickle cell disease beyond the initial molecular mechanism.