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Related Concept Videos

Hemoglobin01:24

Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin is a globular protein made up of four subunits. Two of these subunits are alpha chains, and the other two are beta chains. Each subunit contains a molecule of heme, which has an iron atom and can bind to oxygen. When an oxygen molecule binds to one heme group, it changes the shape of hemoglobin, making it easier for the other heme groups to bind oxygen as well.
When all four heme groups are bound to oxygen, the resulting molecule is called oxyhemoglobin. As a result, arterial blood...
Disorders of Erythrocytes01:27

Disorders of Erythrocytes

Disorders of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), include a range of conditions affecting their number, shape, or function.
Erythrocyte disorders can be broadly categorized into two main types: anemic and polycythemic conditions.
A low oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to the loss, lower production, or destruction of erythrocytes is termed anemia. Hemorrhagic anemia, for example, occurs when bleeding from an external wound or internal ulcer reduces erythrocyte counts.
On the other...
Blood Types02:20

Blood Types

Human blood is classified into different types based on the presence of antigens on the red blood cell's surface and antibodies in the plasma. Proper identification of blood type is essential for successful blood transfusion. The International Society of Blood Transfusion has identified 38 human blood types based on the surface antigens on the red blood cells. The most common types are ABO, Rh, and MNS blood types.
ABO blood group
ABO antigens are glycoproteins encoded by genes present on...
Gene Families01:57

Gene Families

Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
Multiple Allele Traits01:49

Multiple Allele Traits

The Concept of Multiple Allelism
Oxygen Transport in the Blood01:27

Oxygen Transport in the Blood

Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

A Rapid and Chemical-free Hemoglobin Assay with Photothermal Angular Light Scattering
05:18

A Rapid and Chemical-free Hemoglobin Assay with Photothermal Angular Light Scattering

Published on: December 7, 2016

Abnormal haemoglobins: detection & characterization.

Henri Wajcman1, Kamran Moradkhani

  • 1INSERM, Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France. Henri.Wajcman@inserm.fr

The Indian Journal of Medical Research
|November 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Detecting hemoglobin (Hb) abnormalities requires robust methods. This review details strategies for characterizing Hb disorders, diagnosing thalassaemic trait, and identifying common and rare Hb variants.

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Last Updated: May 27, 2026

A Rapid and Chemical-free Hemoglobin Assay with Photothermal Angular Light Scattering
05:18

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Detection of Residual Donor Erythroid Progenitor Cells after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients with Hemoglobinopathies
11:59

Detection of Residual Donor Erythroid Progenitor Cells after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients with Hemoglobinopathies

Published on: September 6, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Hemoglobin (Hb) abnormalities are prevalent and typically identified through population surveys for Hb disorder prevention.
  • Various methods exist for detecting and characterizing Hb abnormalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methods for characterizing hemoglobin disorders.
  • To discuss challenges in diagnosing thalassaemic trait and identifying common/rare Hb variants.
  • To compare diagnostic strategies in developing versus industrialized countries.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of various diagnostic techniques for hemoglobinopathies.
  • Emphasis on the need for multi-method characterization.
  • Recommended combination of cation-exchange high performance chromatography (CE-HPLC), capillary electrophoresis (CE), and isoelectric focusing (IEF).

Main Results:

  • Challenges exist in diagnosing thalassaemic trait and identifying rare Hb variants.
  • Different approaches are employed in developing and industrialized nations.
  • Limitations and pitfalls of each diagnostic method are highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate characterization of Hb abnormalities necessitates at least two distinct methods.
  • CE-HPLC, CE, and IEF are recommended for routine diagnosis.
  • Complex cases may require advanced protein and molecular biology techniques.