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Rapid admixture blood warming: technical advances.

K V Iserson1, M A Knauf, D Anhalt

  • 1Section of Emergency Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson.

Critical Care Medicine
|October 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Rapid admixture blood warming effectively warms erythrocyte units within 30 seconds. Testing confirmed safe temperatures and uniform mixing, addressing concerns about the blood warming technique.

Area of Science:

  • Transfusion Medicine
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Rapid admixture blood warming aims for quick erythrocyte unit warming and saline dilution.
  • Concerns exist regarding the safety, uniformity, and practicality of current methods, particularly maintaining saline temperature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of rapid admixture blood warming.
  • To address questions about temperature uniformity, warming speed, and saline bag stability at 70°C.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted tests on erythrocyte units of varying weights (220-410g).
  • Utilized internal temperature probes and thermographic photography to monitor warming.
  • Assessed plasma hemoglobin, osmotic fragility, and potassium levels.
  • Investigated the impact of unit inversion and IV accessories.

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Main Results:

  • Uniform mixing achieved within approximately 30 seconds due to fluid turbulence.
  • Maximum internal temperature reached 44°C in the smallest units; minimum was 30°C in the largest.
  • No significant changes in plasma Hgb, osmotic fragility, or potassium.
  • Inverting units led to unacceptable temperatures (up to 50°C).
  • Saline bag volume and electrolyte composition degraded after 2 weeks at 70°C.

Conclusions:

  • Rapid admixture blood warming is effective and safe when performed correctly.
  • Fluid turbulence ensures uniform warming; inversion must be avoided.
  • Maintaining saline at 70°C for extended periods impacts its integrity.