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Updated: May 27, 2026

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
Published on: March 24, 2023
An Evolution of Communication Modalities: Very Young Cochlear Implant Users who Transitioned from Sign to Speech
Linda J Spencer1, Sandie Bass-Ringdahl
1University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.
Abstract:
The communication modalities used, and the articulation and aural-only receptive vocabulary skills were investigated in 19 prelingually profoundly deaf infants who initially utilized Total Communication and who were implanted between the ages of 12 and 29m. Results revealed the children overwhelmingly tended to use voice only modality for an expressive task. Additionally articulation and receptive vocabulary skills approached those of normal hearing peers. Implications of these findings and suggestions for future studies are provided.
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