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Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

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Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles

Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles

Published on: August 22, 2018

Morpholin-4-ium morpholine-4-carbo-dithio-ate.

Ana C Mafud¹, Edgar A Sanches, Maria Teresa Gambardella

¹Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador Sãocarlense, 400, Caixa Postal 780, 13560-970, São Carlos SP, Brazil.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online

|November 18, 2011

Summary

This study details the crystal structure of a morpholinium dithio-carbamate salt. The compound forms an inversion dimer through specific hydrogen bonding interactions in the crystal lattice.

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Area of Science:

Crystallography
Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

The compound is a salt composed of a morpholinium cation and a dithio-carbamate anion.
Understanding the crystal packing and intermolecular interactions is crucial for characterizing novel chemical compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, C(4)H(10)NO(+)·C(5)H(8)NOS(2) (-).
To identify and describe the hydrogen bonding network and supramolecular assembly in the solid state.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
Analysis of hydrogen bonding interactions using graph-set notation.

Main Results:

The crystal structure consists of two independent formula units per asymmetric unit.
N-H⋯S hydrogen bonds link these units, forming a characteristic inversion dimer with the R(4)(4)(12) graph-set motif.

Conclusions:

The study successfully characterized the crystal structure and supramolecular organization of the morpholinium dithio-carbamate salt.
The identified hydrogen bonding pattern provides insights into the self-assembly behavior of this ionic compound.