Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene01:22

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene

Sulfonation of benzene is a reaction wherein benzene is treated with fuming sulfuric acid at room temperature to produce benzenesulfonic acid. Fuming sulfuric acid is a mixture of sulfur trioxide and concentrated sulfuric acid.
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene01:20

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene

The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It involves the formation of a very powerful electrophile, the nitronium ion, which is linear in shape. The reaction occurs through the interaction of two strong acids, sulfuric and nitric acid.
Amines to Sulfonamides: The Hinsberg Test01:23

Amines to Sulfonamides: The Hinsberg Test

The Hinsberg test is a method to identify primary, secondary and tertiary amines, named after its pioneer, Oscar Hinsberg. Here, amines are treated with benzenesulfonyl chloride, also known as the Hinsberg reagent, in the presence of an excess of aqueous base, followed by acidification. Based on the nature of the amines, different changes are observed.
Generally, a primary amine reacts with the Hinsberg reagent to produce an N-substituted benzenesulfonamide. The electron-withdrawing sulfonyl...
Structure of Amines01:19

Structure of Amines

The hybridized nitrogen atom in amines possesses a lone pair of electrons and is bound to three substituents with a bond angle of around 108°, which is less than the tetrahedral angle of 109.5°. However, the C–N–H bond angle is slightly larger at 112°, with a carbon–nitrogen bond length of 147 pm. This carbon–nitrogen bond length of of amines is longer than the carbon–oxygen bond of alcohols (143 pm) but shorter than alkanes’ carbon–carbon bond (154 pm). These aspects are illustrated in Figure...
Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effect of ceramic materials on the optical properties of porcelain veneers for tetracycline-stained teeth.

Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology·2021
Same author

[Effect of porcelain thickness and substrate on optical properties of porcelain veneers for tetracycline stained teeth].

Shanghai kou qiang yi xue = Shanghai journal of stomatology·2020
Same author

Structure-performance relationship for a family of disperse azo dyes having the same D-π-A 4-nitro-4'-amino-azobenzene skeleton: structures, solvatochromism and DFT computations.

Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy·2014
Same author

Two pairs of 1 : 2 nickel(II) and copper(II) metal-complex dyes showing the same trans configuration and azo-hydrazone transformation but different thermal properties.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2013
Same author

Azo-hydrazone tautomerism observed from UV-vis spectra by pH control and metal-ion complexation for two heterocyclic disperse yellow dyes.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2012
Same author

3,3'-Dichloro-biphenyl-4,4'-diaminium sulfate.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2011

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles
11:45

Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles

Published on: August 22, 2018

2-Amino-6-nitro-1,3-benzothia-zol-3-ium hydrogen sulfate.

Hui-Fen Qian, Wei Huang

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |November 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study characterizes a novel molecular salt, C(7)H(6)N(3)O(2)S(+)·HSO(4) (-), revealing its planar benzothiazole ring system. Hydrogen bonding interactions in the crystal structure lead to a distinct layer motif.

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Materials Science
    • Chemical Physics

    Background:

    • Molecular salts are crucial in various chemical applications.
    • Understanding crystal structures informs material properties.
    • Benzothiazole derivatives exhibit diverse functionalities.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of the molecular salt C(7)H(6)N(3)O(2)S(+)·HSO(4) (-).
    • To analyze the planarity of the 2-amino-6-nitro-1,3-benzothiazole ring system.
    • To investigate the hydrogen bonding network and resulting supramolecular architecture.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
    • Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, and mean atomic deviations confirmed planarity.

    More Related Videos

    Preparation of Enantiopure Non-Activated Aziridines and Synthesis of Biemamide B, D, and epiallo-Isomuscarine
    11:04

    Preparation of Enantiopure Non-Activated Aziridines and Synthesis of Biemamide B, D, and epiallo-Isomuscarine

    Published on: June 13, 2022

    A Direct, Early Stage Guanidinylation Protocol for the Synthesis of Complex Aminoguanidine-containing Natural Products
    09:04

    A Direct, Early Stage Guanidinylation Protocol for the Synthesis of Complex Aminoguanidine-containing Natural Products

    Published on: September 9, 2016

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 27, 2026

    Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles
    11:45

    Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles

    Published on: August 22, 2018

    Preparation of Enantiopure Non-Activated Aziridines and Synthesis of Biemamide B, D, and epiallo-Isomuscarine
    11:04

    Preparation of Enantiopure Non-Activated Aziridines and Synthesis of Biemamide B, D, and epiallo-Isomuscarine

    Published on: June 13, 2022

    A Direct, Early Stage Guanidinylation Protocol for the Synthesis of Complex Aminoguanidine-containing Natural Products
    09:04

    A Direct, Early Stage Guanidinylation Protocol for the Synthesis of Complex Aminoguanidine-containing Natural Products

    Published on: September 9, 2016

  • Intermolecular interactions, specifically hydrogen bonds (N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O), were identified and characterized.

    • Main Results:

    • The molecular salt C(7)H(6)N(3)O(2)S(+)·HSO(4) (-) was successfully synthesized and characterized.
    • The 2-amino-6-nitro-1,3-benzothiazole core was found to be essentially planar, with a mean deviation of 0.0605(4) Å.
    • Hydrogen bonding interactions between the cation and anion resulted in the formation of a layered crystal structure.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides a detailed structural insight into a novel molecular salt.
    • The observed planarity of the benzothiazole system and the layered motif are key structural features.
    • This structural information can guide the design of new materials with tailored properties.