Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process01:10

Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process

Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles under normal conditions. However, the reaction can proceed under drastic conditions involving high temperatures and high pressure to give the substituted products. For example, chlorobenzene is converted to phenol using aqueous sodium hydroxide at 350 °C under high pressure by the Dow process. The reaction follows an elimination-addition mechanism involving a benzyne intermediate. Here, the chloride ion is eliminated to generate the benzyne...
Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols02:23

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols

Overview
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
As with other organic compounds, alcohols and phenols...
Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols02:36

Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols

Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.
Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes02:41

Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes

An alkene, such as propene, reacts with bromine in the presence of water to yield a halohydrin. Halohydrins contain a halogen and a hydroxyl group attached to adjacent carbons. When the halogen is bromine, it is called a bromohydrin, while a chlorohydrin has chlorine as the halogen.
Benzene to Phenol via Cumene: Hock Process01:27

Benzene to Phenol via Cumene: Hock Process

The synthesis of phenol from benzene via cumene and cumene hydroperoxide is called the Hock process. First, a Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction of benzene with propene gives cumene. Then cumene forms cumene hydroperoxide via a radical chain reaction. In the chain initiation step, the benzylic hydrogen is abstracted to give a benzylic radical. In the chain propagation step, the benzylic radical reacts with an oxygen diradical to form a cumene hydroperoxide radical. The cumene hydroperoxide...
Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols02:32

Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols

Alcohols are organic compounds in which a hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon. Phenols are a class of alcohols containing a hydroxy group attached to an aromatic ring. The physical properties of the alcohols and phenols are influenced by hydrogen bonding due to the oxygen–hydrogen dipole in the hydroxy functional group and dispersion forces between alkyl or aryl regions of alcohol and phenol molecules.
Alcohols possess a higher boiling point than aliphatic hydrocarbons of similar...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Genetic variation in an miRNA-1827 binding site in MYCL1 alters susceptibility to small-cell lung cancer.

Cancer research·2011
Same author

Effects of electrode surface modification with chlorotoxin on patterning single glioma cells.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2011
Same author

Intracranial clear cell meningioma: a clinicopathologic study of 15 cases.

Acta neurochirurgica·2011
Same author

Striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase expression and activity in Huntington's disease: a STEP in the resistance to excitotoxicity.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2011
Same author

1-(4,5-Dinitro-10-aza-tricyclo-[6.3.1.0]dodeca-2,4,6-trien-10-yl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanone.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2011
Same author

1,2,3,4-Tetra-hydro-1,4-methano-naphthalene-2,3-diol.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2011

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Elucidating the Metabolism of 2,4-Dibromophenol in Plants
06:54

Elucidating the Metabolism of 2,4-Dibromophenol in Plants

Published on: February 10, 2023

2,4-Dibromo-6-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]phenol.

Yang-Hui Luo1, Jian Xu, Mei-Ling Pan

  • 1Ordered Matter Science Research Center, College of Chemistry and Chemical, Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|November 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals the crystal structure of a novel compound, C(7)H(5)Br(4)NO(2). It highlights the presence of both intra-molecular hydrogen bonds and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds that form dimers.

More Related Videos

Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with p-Nitrobenzoic Acid
07:06

Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with p-Nitrobenzoic Acid

Published on: November 15, 2017

Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties
10:16

Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties

Published on: January 8, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Elucidating the Metabolism of 2,4-Dibromophenol in Plants
06:54

Elucidating the Metabolism of 2,4-Dibromophenol in Plants

Published on: February 10, 2023

Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with p-Nitrobenzoic Acid
07:06

Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with p-Nitrobenzoic Acid

Published on: November 15, 2017

Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties
10:16

Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties

Published on: January 8, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Chemical Physics
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding molecular interactions is crucial in chemistry.
  • Hydrogen bonds play a significant role in molecular assembly and material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure of the compound C(7)H(5)Br(4)NO(2).
  • To identify and characterize the hydrogen bonding networks within the crystal lattice.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
  • Analysis of interatomic distances and angles confirmed the presence of hydrogen bonds.

Main Results:

  • The crystal structure of C(7)H(5)Br(4)NO(2) was successfully determined.
  • Intra-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds were observed within the molecule.
  • Inter-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds were identified, leading to the formation of molecular dimers.

Conclusions:

  • The compound C(7)H(5)Br(4)NO(2) exhibits distinct intra-molecular and inter-molecular hydrogen bonding.
  • These hydrogen bonds dictate the self-assembly of molecules into dimers in the solid state.
  • The findings contribute to the understanding of structure-property relationships in halogenated organic compounds.