Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ethers from Alkenes: Alcohol Addition and Alkoxymercuration-Demercuration02:35

Ethers from Alkenes: Alcohol Addition and Alkoxymercuration-Demercuration

Overview
Ethers can also be prepared from alkenes through acid-catalyzed addition of alcohols and alkoxymercuration–demercuration.
Preparation of Ethers by Acid-Catalyzed Addition of Alcohol to Alkenes
The acid-catalyzed addition of alcohol to an alkene involves treating the alkene with an excess of alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst to form an ether under suitable conditions. The hydrogen will add to the less substituted carbon so that the nucleophile can attack the more substituted...
Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis01:12

Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis

Alcoholysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which an alcohol functions as a nucleophile. Acid halides react with alcohol to produce esters. The mechanism proceeds in three steps:
Leveling Effect and Non-Aqueous Acid-Base Solutions02:11

Leveling Effect and Non-Aqueous Acid-Base Solutions

This lesson defines the leveling effect in acidic and basic solutions and its role in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions. It is essential to understand the competing nature of various species in a chemical system.
The Leveling Effect of a Solvent
A generic acid (HA) reacts with the generic base (B-) to yield the corresponding conjugate base (A-) and conjugate acid (HB):
A Single-Component System01:24

A Single-Component System

In the field of chemistry, the terms "component" and "phase" hold significant importance. A component refers to a chemically distinct substance in a system that has specific properties. It is chemically homogeneous, meaning it has the same properties throughout. For example, in a mixture of salt and water, both salt and water are considered separate components because they have different chemical properties.On the other hand, a phase is a form of matter that has a consistent chemical...
Solvating Effects02:12

Solvating Effects

An understanding of the solvating effect helps rationalize the relation between solvation and acidity of the compound. In addition, this also explains the relative stability of conjugate bases for compounds with different pKa values. This lesson details, in-depth, the principle of solvating effects. The strength of an acid and the stability of its corresponding conjugate base are determined using pKa values. This observed relationship is a consequence of solvation, which is the interaction...
Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis01:14

Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis

Malonic ester synthesis is a method to obtain α substituted carboxylic acids from ꞵ-diesters such as diethyl malonate and alkyl halides.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Zinc Halide Flux-Assisted Vitrification of Metal-Organic Frameworks Enables Chemical Diversification and Tunable Gas Sorption.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Circularly Polarized Luminescent and Melt-Processable Copper(I)-Organic Glasses Based on 2,2'-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Compound Enzyme-Assisted Extraction and Characterization of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Polysaccharides and Their Ameliorative Effects on MAFLD.

Chemistry & biodiversity·2026
Same author

Five New Sesquiterpenoids From the Fruits of Torilis japonica With Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activity.

Chemistry & biodiversity·2026
Same author

α-Glucosidase inhibitory and anti-inflammatory activities of components from Tinospora sinensis.

Fitoterapia·2026
Same author

The emerging role of fatty acids as key bioactive components of Ganoderma lucidum spore oil in alleviating tumor progression.

Journal of natural medicines·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,6-Ketoesters Mediated by Ionic Liquids: A Three-component Reaction Enabling Rapid Access to a New Class of Low Molecular Weight Gelators
06:31

Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,6-Ketoesters Mediated by Ionic Liquids: A Three-component Reaction Enabling Rapid Access to a New Class of Low Molecular Weight Gelators

Published on: November 27, 2015

Eucomic acid methanol monosolvate.

Guo-Qiang Li, Yao-Lan Li, Guo-Cai Wang

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |November 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    The crystal structure of 2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-benzyl)butane-dioic acid reveals specific dihedral angles and intermolecular hydrogen bonding. These interactions, involving hydroxyl, carboxylic acid, and methanol groups, create a unique three-dimensional molecular architecture.

    More Related Videos

    Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile
    06:52

    Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile

    Published on: October 30, 2018

    Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions
    04:38

    Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions

    Published on: July 28, 2022

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 27, 2026

    Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,6-Ketoesters Mediated by Ionic Liquids: A Three-component Reaction Enabling Rapid Access to a New Class of Low Molecular Weight Gelators
    06:31

    Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,6-Ketoesters Mediated by Ionic Liquids: A Three-component Reaction Enabling Rapid Access to a New Class of Low Molecular Weight Gelators

    Published on: November 27, 2015

    Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile
    06:52

    Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile

    Published on: October 30, 2018

    Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions
    04:38

    Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions

    Published on: July 28, 2022

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Organic Chemistry
    • Supramolecular Chemistry

    Background:

    • Understanding the three-dimensional arrangement of molecules is crucial in chemistry.
    • Hydrogen bonding plays a significant role in molecular interactions and crystal packing.
    • The systematic study of organic compounds aids in discovering novel materials and reactions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of 2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-benzyl)butane-dioic acid methanol monosolvate.
    • To analyze the dihedral angles between the carboxyl groups and the benzene ring.
    • To investigate the role of intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the compound's three-dimensional structure.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the crystal structure.
    • The crystal structure was analyzed to identify hydrogen bonding interactions.
    • Geometric parameters, including dihedral angles, were calculated and reported.

    Main Results:

    • The crystal structure of C(11)H(12)O(6)·CH(3)OH was determined.
    • Dihedral angles between carboxyl groups and the benzene ring were found to be 51.23(9)° and 87.97(9)°.
    • Intermolecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving hydroxyl, carboxylic acid, and methanol groups were observed, leading to a 3D network.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure provides detailed insights into the spatial arrangement of the title compound.
    • Hydrogen bonding interactions are key determinants of the observed three-dimensional crystal packing.
    • This study contributes to the understanding of structure-property relationships in organic crystals.