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Related Concept Videos

The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by producing...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging
07:12

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

Published on: August 17, 2022

Incidental Parathyroid Disease during Thyroid Surgery: Should We Remove Them?

S Helme1, A Lulsegged, P Sinha

  • 1Department of Surgery, Princess Royal University Hospital, Farnborough Common, Orpington, Kent BR6 8ND, UK.

ISRN Surgery
|November 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Parathyroid incidentalomas found during thyroid surgery may indicate preclinical primary hyperparathyroidism. Excising these abnormal glands is safe and prevents future complications, offering a potential early diagnosis.

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Last Updated: May 27, 2026

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Transoral Robotic Total Thyroidectomy and Bilateral Central Regional Lymph Node Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Pathology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Parathyroid incidentalomas are rare, with few reported cases despite a notable incidence (0.2%-4.5%).
  • Abnormal parathyroid glands discovered during thyroid surgery are often overlooked or not fully investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and histological findings of incidentally discovered abnormal parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery.
  • To evaluate the safety and potential benefits of excising these incidentalomas.
  • To explore the hypothesis that these glands represent an early stage of primary hyperparathyroidism.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 236 thyroid operations by a single surgeon.
  • Identification and histological examination of macroscopically abnormal parathyroid glands removed during surgery.
  • Preoperative and postoperative serum calcium level monitoring.

Main Results:

  • 8 out of 236 patients (3.39%) had an abnormal parathyroid gland removed.
  • Histological analysis revealed parathyroid adenoma or hyperplasia in seven patients.
  • No preoperative hypercalcemia was detected; postoperative outcomes included normal calcium or temporary hypocalcemia, with no recurrent laryngeal nerve impairment.

Conclusions:

  • Surgical excision of parathyroid incidentalomas during thyroid surgery is a safe procedure with minimal morbidity.
  • These incidentalomas may represent a preclinical phase of primary hyperparathyroidism in normocalcemic patients.
  • Early detection and removal can prevent future complications and the need for reoperation.