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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Adolescent substance use groups: antecedent and concurrent personality differences in a longitudinal study.

Elizabeth M Oliva1, Margaret Keyes, William G Iacono

  • 1Center for Health Care Evaluation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA. elizabeth.oliva@va.gov

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Adolescent personality functioning differs across substance use groups. Contrary to prior research, experimenters did not show the healthiest traits, suggesting unique strengths and weaknesses for abstainers, experimenters, and problem users.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Adolescent Development
  • Substance Use Research

Background:

  • Shedler and Block (1990) suggested adolescent drug experimenters exhibit healthier personality functioning than abstainers or frequent users.
  • This study aimed to replicate and extend these findings using a prospective longitudinal design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between personality traits (positive emotionality, negative emotionality, constraint) and substance use patterns in adolescence.
  • To investigate if adolescent drug experimenters possess the healthiest personality functioning compared to abstainers and problem users.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study of 1,298 twins (96% Caucasian, 49% male) assessed personality at ages 11 and 18.
  • Personality measures included positive emotionality (agentic and communal), negative emotionality, and constraint.
  • Age-18 substance use was categorized into abstainers, experimenters, and problem users.

Main Results:

  • Problem users exhibited lower constraint than experimenters, who had lower constraint than abstainers at age 18.
  • Abstainers showed lower communal positive emotionality than experimenters.
  • Female abstainers scored higher in agentic positive emotionality than female experimenters, who scored higher than female problem users.
  • Experimenters had lower negative emotionality than problem users.

Conclusions:

  • Findings challenge the notion that adolescent drug experimenters have the healthiest personality functioning.
  • Different substance use groups demonstrate distinct personality profiles with varying strengths and weaknesses.
  • Future research should differentiate between agentic and communal positive emotionality in relation to adolescent substance use.