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Updated: May 27, 2026

Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks
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Nanoporous carbohydrate metal-organic frameworks.

Ross S Forgan1, Ronald A Smaldone, Jeremiah J Gassensmith

  • 1Center for the Chemistry of Integrated Systems, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3133, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|November 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary

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Cyclodextrins (CDs) self-assemble with metal cations to form novel, porous metal-organic frameworks (CD-MOFs). These inexpensive, edible materials show potential for gas storage and commercial applications.

Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Host-guest chemistry developed using macrocyclic polyethers for cation binding.
  • Cyclodextrins (CDs) possess -OCCO- motifs capable of metal ion coordination.
  • Previous receptors like crown ethers and cryptands showed high binding constants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the self-assembly of cyclodextrin-based metal-organic frameworks (CD-MOFs).
  • To investigate the formation of extended structures using gamma-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) and alkali/alkaline earth metal cations.
  • To characterize the properties and potential applications of these novel CD-MOFs.

Main Methods:

  • Self-assembly of γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) with alkali (KOH, RbOH, Na+, Cs+) and alkaline earth (Sr2+) metal cations in aqueous alcohol.

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  • Synthesis of gram-scale quantities of CD-MOFs.
  • Characterization of crystal structures, porosity, surface area, and stability.

    • Main Results:

    • Formation of CD-MOFs with cubic (CD-MOF-1, CD-MOF-2, CD-MOF-3) and channel (CD-MOF-4) structures.
    • CD-MOFs exhibit solvent stability, permanent porosity (~1200 m²/g), and gas/small molecule storage capacity.
    • Demonstrated that CDs can act as ligands for metal cations, similar to crown ethers.

    Conclusions:

    • Cyclodextrins can effectively function as ligands in the construction of metal-organic frameworks.
    • The synthesized CD-MOFs are inexpensive, green, nanoporous materials with potential for gas storage.
    • Edible derivatives are possible, indicating significant commercial development potential.