Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 27, 2026

Multicellular Human Alveolar Model Composed of Epithelial Cells and Primary Immune Cells for Hazard Assessment
Published on: May 6, 2020
Office immunization
Gary A Emmett1, Melissa Schneider
1Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, 833 Chestnut Street, Suite 300, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. gemmett@nemours.org
Abstract:
Nothing has improved disease control as thoroughly as immunizations. In well-immunized populations, there is no flaccid paralysis (polio), almost no epiglottitis or postmeningitis deafness (Haemophilus influenzae), and little postviral male sterility (mumps). Immunizations are not perfect; they may cause side effects, some of which have led to the discontinuation of the vaccine when side effects have outweighed the vaccine's protective effects. However, immunization works best not by the protection it provides the individual but by the protection provided to the population at risk. This article discusses the currently available vaccines along with recommendations for their use.
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