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Related Concept Videos

Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
Nociception01:44

Nociception

Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain. Thus, pain helps the...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

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Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...
Pain01:20

Pain

Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...

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Chronic Post-Ischemia Pain Model for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-I in Rats
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Chronic widespread pain: from peripheral to central evolution.

Piercarlo Sarzi-Puttini1, Fabiola Atzeni, Philip J Mease

  • 1Rheumatology Unit, L. Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy. sarzi@tiscali.it

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology
|November 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Chronic widespread pain (CWP) affects many, increasing with age and often involving fatigue and mood disorders. Its cause remains debated, possibly involving neurochemical or biopsychosocial factors, impacting treatment strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Pain medicine
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Chronic pain is prevalent, increasing with age, and often musculoskeletal.
  • Chronic widespread pain (CWP) presents with multifocal pain, fatigue, insomnia, memory issues, and mood disorders.
  • CWP imposes a significant burden on individuals and healthcare systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the underlying mechanisms of chronic widespread pain (CWP).
  • To discuss the ongoing debate between neurochemical and biopsychosocial models of CWP.
  • To examine how these models influence therapeutic approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on CWP.
  • Analysis of neurochemical and biopsychosocial theories.
  • Discussion of the implications for treatment.

Main Results:

  • CWP is characterized by a complex interplay of symptoms beyond localized pain.
  • The etiology of CWP is debated, with ongoing discussion on the roles of central sensitization versus cognitive-experiential factors.
  • Both neurochemical and biopsychosocial perspectives offer insights but also present challenges in treatment.

Conclusions:

  • The exact cause of CWP remains incompletely understood.
  • The neurochemical and biopsychosocial models offer different frameworks for understanding CWP.
  • Clarifying the underlying mechanisms is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies for chronic pain.