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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
Radical Autoxidation01:20

Radical Autoxidation

The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...
Oxygen Requirements and Growth Patterns01:29

Oxygen Requirements and Growth Patterns

Microorganisms exhibit diverse oxygen requirements and growth patterns driven by their metabolic strategies and environmental adaptations. Oxygen, while essential for many organisms, can also be toxic under certain conditions, shaping how microorganisms grow and survive.Oxygen Requirements of MicroorganismsMicroorganisms are classified based on their ability to use or tolerate oxygen:â—Ź Obligate aerobes like Mycobacterium tuberculosis need oxygen for energy production, as it serves as the...
The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Imaging Approaches to Assessments of Toxicological Oxidative Stress Using Genetically-encoded Fluorogenic Sensors
09:33

Imaging Approaches to Assessments of Toxicological Oxidative Stress Using Genetically-encoded Fluorogenic Sensors

Published on: February 7, 2018

Oxidative stresses and ageing.

May T Aung-Htut1, Anita Ayer, Michael Breitenbach

  • 1School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia, nshmay@gmail.com.

Sub-Cellular Biochemistry
|November 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oxidative stress from reactive oxygen species contributes to aging. Yeast studies reveal how cells generate these damaging molecules, respond to oxidative damage, and how this process impacts aging.

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A Quantitative Measurement of Reactive Oxygen Species and Senescence-associated Secretory Phenotype in Normal Human Fibroblasts During Oncogene-induced Senescence
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Imaging of mtHyPer7, a Ratiometric Biosensor for Mitochondrial Peroxide, in Living Yeast Cells
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Imaging of mtHyPer7, a Ratiometric Biosensor for Mitochondrial Peroxide, in Living Yeast Cells

Published on: June 2, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Oxidative damage to cellular components is linked to organismal aging.
  • Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are implicated in cellular damage and aging processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in yeast cells.
  • To examine the damage caused by ROS and cellular responses.
  • To explore the role of ROS in the aging process.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing yeast genetics and biochemistry.
  • Analyzing the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.
  • Investigating cellular damage sensing and response mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Detailed analysis of ROS origins in yeast.
  • Understanding of cellular mechanisms to cope with oxidative damage.
  • Insights into the contribution of reactive species to aging.

Conclusions:

  • Yeast serves as a model organism for studying oxidative stress and aging.
  • Cellular responses to ROS are crucial for mitigating damage and potentially extending lifespan.