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Updated: May 27, 2026

A Simple Cell-based Immunofluorescence Assay to Detect Autoantibody Against the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor in Blood
Published on: January 9, 2018
Anti-N-methyl D-aspartate receptor encephalitis mimics viral encephalitis
Mustafa R Bseikri1, Jubilee R Barton, Julie A Kulhanjian
1Department of Graduate Medical Education, Children's Hospital & Research Center, Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA.
Anti-N-methyl D-aspartate receptor encephalitis in children presents challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Early identification and intervention can lead to recovery, even in severe cases.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Immunology
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Anti-N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a severe autoimmune neurological disorder.
- This condition often presents with neuropsychiatric symptoms and movement disorders, mimicking infectious encephalitis.
Observation:
- This study details the clinical course of three pediatric patients diagnosed with psychochoreiform encephalitis linked to NMDAR autoantibodies.
- One patient represents the most medically complex survivor reported to date, highlighting the critical care needs.
Findings:
- Clinical and laboratory findings in these cases closely resemble those of viral encephalitis.
- The described cases underscore the diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties encountered in managing NMDAR encephalitis.
Implications:
- Prompt diagnosis and targeted immune-modulating therapies are crucial for patient recovery.
- Despite its severity, NMDAR encephalitis is often reversible with appropriate and timely medical intervention.
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