Affinity maturation of phage display antibody populations using ribosome display

Ribsosome display is a PCR-based in vitro display technology that it well suited for the selection and evolution of high-affinity antibodies. In particular, ribosome display lends itself to the evolution of functional characteristics, such as potency, and thereby facilitates the production of therapeutic antibodies from lead candidates. In this chapter, we describe how to mature large phage display antibody populations (>10(7)) by performing increasingly stringent selections with decreasing antigen concentration. This process takes advantage of ribosome display's intrinsic ability to evolve sequence during selection. Ribosome display can also be used as a complementary tool to phage display for isolating high-affinity antibodies from naïve libraries. Ultimately, maturation of large antibody populations by ribosome display will help to speed up the process of generating antibody therapeutics.