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ENT function in a 14-days guinness scuba dive.

L Revelli1, L D'Alatri, A Scorpecci

  • 1Endocrine Surgery Unit, Catholic University of Rome, Italy. lucarevelli@rm.unicatt.it

International Journal of Sports Medicine
|November 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Scuba diving can impact the rhino-pharyngo-tubaric (RPT) unit. This study found that a 14-day underwater stay improved nasal airflow and reduced resistance, despite some divers experiencing ear and sinus issues.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Diving Medicine
  • Physiology

Background:

  • The rhino-pharyngo-tubaric (RPT) unit, encompassing the Eustachian tube, nasopharynx, and surrounding structures, is susceptible to pressure changes.
  • Scuba diving involves prolonged exposure to increased ambient pressure, potentially affecting RPT unit function and leading to conditions like barotrauma and otitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate functional modifications of the RPT unit and inner ear in divers after a 14-day underwater exposure.
  • To document diving-related alterations in the RPT unit and assess their impact on hearing and balance.

Main Methods:

  • Six Italian divers underwent RPT unit and inner ear assessments before and 24 hours after a 14-day dive at 8-10m breathing air.
  • Evaluations included physical examination, rhino-manometry, pure tone audiometry (PTA), Sensory Organisation Test (SOT), and Motor Control Test (MCT).

Main Results:

  • Post-dive findings included fungal external otitis, middle ear barotrauma, and rhinosinusitis.
  • Rhino-manometry revealed increased inspiratory nasal flow and decreased nasal resistance, indicating improved nasal passage function.
  • One diver experienced temporary bilateral hearing loss at 4 kHz; however, overall PTA, SOT, and MCT functions remained largely unaffected.

Conclusions:

  • A 14-day underwater period positively influenced nasal airflow and resistance in divers.
  • While divers may experience acute ear and sinus issues, significant long-term effects on hearing and balance functions were not observed in this cohort.
  • The study highlights the adaptive capacity of the RPT unit to prolonged underwater environments, with notable improvements in nasal respiratory function.